The federal form of state-territorial organization

The concept of a territorial form of statedevice implies a method of its administrative-territorial organization. Such a state can have unified government bodies or be composed of many territories, each of which will be subordinated to its own local government, which has broad powers.

Unitarian form of state-territorial organization

The unitary form has a fairly wideSpread. Such a state is characterized by the unity of all government bodies, the legal system and the constitution, which are distributed without any restrictions or reservations on the territory of the whole country. Such countries are Sweden, Italy, Poland, many countries in Africa and Asia.

The federal form of state-territorial organization

In contrast to the unitary, federal formimplies a fairly complex entity that includes units that are less large in terms of their size and legal international significance. Entities included in it can be called differently: states, lands, cantons, emirates, provinces and so on. But invariably the federal form of state-territorially

device assumes that such - local -subjects transfer part of their sovereignty to the benefit of central government bodies. Thus, in fact, there are actually two levels of the state apparatus: the highest one - the federal one, whose authority extends to the whole country, and the power of the territorial subjects of the federation - it extends only within the boundaries of the territories of each subject. Similarly, laws can be divided into those that are subject to mandatory implementation only within the limited territories of the subjects (as in the US states), and the general - federal. The federal form of state-territorial organization prevails, as a rule, in countries that are ethnically heterogeneous (Belgium), countries that have emerged through the unification of previously independent territories (like Switzerland, Germany, the USA), as well as having a very large territory or large population (for example, for this reason, in Russia, too, is a federal form of the state territorial-political system).

Typical features of the federated device:

1. The state consists of a number of separate entities that have their own authorities.
2. Parliaments of federal states mustare bicameral, because one of the chambers is a federal government, and the other consists of representatives of the land. However, it should be noted that a bicameral parliament can function in a unitary state, not necessarily being a sign of the federation itself.
3. In many federations there is a concept of dual citizenship: local for the republics and the general.
4. Foreign policy relations in such countries are the exclusive prerogative of central government bodies.