Certification of systems for quality assurance,necessary for harmonization with the ISO 9000 series standards, is highly developed in many countries. In Russia in due time also drew on this attention and began to be guided by it. A special need arises for goods that are produced for export. Manufacturers have already evaluated the importance of system certification.
It is believed that this institution bears in itselfmany advantages. First, it serves as a proof of the reliability of the manufacturer's company. Even banks will give credit to such firms much faster. Insurance companies, in turn, will insure them against damages for dishonest products. Certification of quality systems is a significant argument when concluding a contract. If a company is sued for a substandard product, this document will prove the absence of the fault of the manufacturer.
Secondly, it is an important conditionopportunities for the company to participate in tenders. In addition, the procedure will necessarily affect the affairs of the manufacturer in the most positive way. After all, when implementing this action aimed at obtaining a certificate, the affairs of the company, as a rule, are put in order. Thus, the procedure itself becomes easier and less prolonged.
Сертификация систем качества показывает the ability of an enterprise to produce goods of the declared sample Therefore, it acquires the ability to become competitive in any market. This is especially true for Russian companies that are going to export their products in the future. They have more opportunities for its implementation at decent prices. At least, the experience of many companies that have encountered such a problem in the past is now convinced of the need for such a document.
In 1995, the State Standard Committee adopted a program,according to which the certification of quality systems in Russia under the name "Register of quality systems" began to develop. It approves the voluntary procedure for the procedure, being at the same time part of the state system of GOST R. The latter is mandatory certification of quality systems. The decision to conduct the voluntary procedure was motivated by the fact that the state document of Russia is well recognized in other countries. Therefore, the sign of conformity is very similar to the state one.
The aim of the institute was to obtain even greater recognition of Russian documents abroad. The main activities are:
The activities of this body are governed by the following state standards.
In addition, a number of documents have been adopted, whichThe cover method is international ISO standards. These are acts that regulate the model of quality assurance in the design, development, installation, maintenance, monitoring and testing.
In Gosstandart there is a technical center of the Register.It organizes the functioning of the education system norms, implements the state policy regarding the certification of quality and production, as well as interested persons are informed about the experience in this field.
All standards have a number of principles through which the structure of the certification system, its procedure, and control are organized. We list them.
The structure of the Register includes the following bodies.
Госстандарт утверждает структуру Регистра, решает questions about its development, considers the main rules and principles of work, controls the activities, and also participates in the appeal commission.
The technical center organizes and implementscontrol over the process, takes part in inspection activities, as well as accreditation of experts, keeps the Register, suspends or annuls certificates, informs and contacts with foreign organizations of the same profile. In addition, other tasks may be assigned to it.
The Certification Council is an advisory body that develops relevant decisions on the work of the Register. It includes experts from different organizations.
The commission is formed by the Technical Center. It consists of experts and works only if there is such a need.
Научно-методический комитет занимается the development of documents for participation in the Council and the Commission, the formation of a data bank and documents, the development of programs aimed at obtaining the necessary knowledge by experts and more.
Bodies where directly heldcertification of product quality management systems, in addition, draw up results, inspect enterprises, and also develop interaction between structural divisions.
Special organizations monitor the quality andinform the certification body or Technical Center. If necessary, they adjust the results of inspections, report to the appropriate authority on changes in production, and so on.
Three state standards, namely: 40.003-96, 40.004-96 and 40.005-96, aimed at the interaction of certification authorities and applicants before the start of the procedure. According to them, an inspection is carried out and a decision is taken on the execution of a document, the implementation of control and joint actions of organizations with the Technical Center. They are in accordance with international rules, thus creating conditions for recognition in other countries and joining the international system.
В то же время российская система стандартизации и certification is somewhat different, as it has, among other things, a procedure for obtaining a document during production. But usually enterprises first go through this particular type. Then they start to work on quality, because the latter is more difficult in comparison with the previous one.
Thus, the structure of the certification system"Register" consists of two steps. State standards and the procedure for their accreditation are being developed. This mainly concerns certification bodies. They verify the competence. Conditions are also being created to attract good specialists from outside. The advantage will be the fame of the organization abroad. In addition, it must have all the necessary equipment for the documented quality assessment procedures. Here is the certification of production. However, the issuance of the document belongs to another organization, since this possibility requires a different accreditation.
Russian certification systems consist of three stages.
At this stage, a preliminary assessment is given.necessary for an expert to identify the potential passage of the procedure. It also considers its feasibility in a particular enterprise. The applicant submits an application to which he attaches a quality policy document, a guideline on it and a questionnaire with answers. With positive results, the decision on the next step.
At this stage, the state is checked:
Activities are inspected for compliance of the parts with the requirements that are included in the ISO 9000 standard or similar Russian certification systems.
Conclusions may have such forms.
It can be scheduled and unscheduled.modes. In the latter case, the control is assigned if the quality system receives complaints about the quality or introduces significant changes in the manufacturing process of the product or in its design. It can also be carried out in the event that the structure of the organization and the personnel of the enterprise changes.
In addition to the above, the "Register" provides andother features. So, there can be not only a national certification system, but also a joint one with similar organizations in other countries. For example, VNIIS concluded a similar agreement with the world famous firm Det Norske Veritas. The goal in this case was voluntary certification to improve the competitive background of Russian companies and their products.
Thus, companies acquire the opportunityat their own desire to receive a document from two bodies or from any of them separately. By the way, not only domestic producers are interested in this. Italians, entering the Russian market, also need relevant documentation.
The rules of the certification system allows Russian manufacturers to also apply directly to any firms carrying out relevant activities in the world.
The joint procedure is aimed not only atissue of the document of the necessary sample. It consists in the implementation of the task of ensuring compliance with international standards by domestic enterprises.
This procedure is independent orincluded in the receipt of a document on the quality system. The evaluation criterion here is the ability of products to meet certain requirements contained in the documents. The structure of the certification system consists of rules that are established by Gosstandart. They provide a procedure for carrying out the procedure at each enterprise. The goal here is to obtain compliance with reasonable estimates and reproduced totals.
The objects are:
Preparing a company always affects itsactivities are positive. Thus, in practice, it is noted that communication with consumers is improved, production discipline is increased, various criteria of stability are developed, the main links that influence product characteristics are identified, and so on.
Each type has its own scheme.So, if mandatory certification systems are implemented, scheme 5 is selected. Then tests are carried out in special laboratories. The scheme is also used in case of sensitive production technology to external influences, as well as in cases when the shelf life is very small, and the company modifies its products.
