An inalienable attribute of any stateis its army, which ensures territorial integrity, order both within the country and near its borders. Without the army, in fact, there can not be a state. This main postulate is understood by modern politicians as well as the figures of ancient times. It is worth noting the fact that the military history of the world is so boundless that today people continue to learn new, previously unknown facts about certain battles and whole wars. In turn, the historical development of the armed forces in individual states not only surprises, but plunges into shock.
Одной из таких стран является Швейцария.Terrible soldiers of this small country enjoyed unprecedented fame from the beginning of the Renaissance. To date, the army of Switzerland - this is a real "hellish pipeline", which prepares the universal warriors of the XXI century. Why are the soldiers of this country so strong, and how are they trained? We will try to answer all these questions in this article.
The army of Switzerland is one of the mostcapable not only in Europe, but throughout the world. But in the period from the XIVth to the XIXth centuries the armed forces of this state were represented by mercenaries who "sold" their military skills to all those who could pay dearly for it.
The Swiss mercenaries were in the troops of the Italian city-states, and also fought on the side of France, Spain, Germany and many other countries of Europe and the world.
Армия Швейцарии восхваляется в трактате "Sovereign" of the famous Florentine politician Niccolo Machiavelli. According to him, only thanks to the power of the Swiss in France, it is possible to win such glorious victories. By the beginning of the 20th century, most countries created their own battle-worthy armies, so the need for mercenaries outlived themselves.
Even considering the status of a neutral country,modern Swiss Confederation can be quite a formidable opponent in a military conflict. According to Swiss law, the armed forces of this country exist for the sole purpose of ensuring the security of the territory and the integrity of the state.
The Swiss armed forces consist of twomain elements: ground and air force. The ground forces include 9 combat brigades (2 tank, 3 alpine, 4 infantry). The structure of the air force includes connections fighters and helicopters, as well as ground-based air defense systems. The structure of the army of the Swiss Confederation is distinguished by its compactness and efficiency of interaction of all elements. The most combat-ready units are alpine, mountain and infantry brigades. Today in the world there are no analogues of such units with such specific tasks.
It should be noted that the Swiss Armybuilt quite peculiar. The police system implies military service absolutely for the entire male population. The service takes place according to the system of fixed fees several times a year. Thus, the Swiss army, which has a strength of 120 thousand troops, is also supplemented by 80 thousand reserve troops. Previously, this figure was much higher. All men aged 18 to 30 years are the military, who constantly go to the army fees. The total time of all fees does not exceed one year (260 days).
Military personnel undergo special training onfees several times a year throughout the total service life. It would seem that such training is completely ineffective, given the way the training of fighters in domestic military units. However, in the short time that the Swiss are at field gatherings, they receive first-class combat, tactical, fire and other types of training. Take, for example, the first three weeks of service. The Swiss armed forces created conditions under which soldiers are not engaged in anything other than preparation for war.
In other words, they do not clean, do not cleanpotatoes and do not even carry the guards! The rise of personnel of the Swiss army is made at five in the morning, and the rebound - at midnight. In the interval between lifting and lifting, soldiers receive general physical training, and also acquire special skills in the field of mountaineering, driving, shooting, etc. The statute of the Swiss Armed Forces allows military personnel to spend weekends at home.
The Swiss have created a fairly effective way.ensuring discipline in the ranks of his army. They moved away from unnecessary disciplinary sanctions in the form of a guardhouse or disciplinary battalions. For any misconduct with a soldier can collect a fine! Such a sanction takes place because the soldiers receive a salary, the size of which will be discussed further. The use of monetary fines allows you to maintain iron discipline among military personnel, because no one wants to lose the hard-earned money. Before asking about hazing, you need to see how Switzerland is located on the world map. This is a modern European country, where the concept of bullying is in principle unknown. In addition, the status of a “recruit” is assigned to a person for only a few weeks. Nevertheless, the drill at the early stages is the toughest. This is done with a view to the principle of the rule of order and the paramount importance of the task set in the mind of the recruit.
Each soldier receives a fee for eachday spent in the army. The size of the salary may vary depending on age, financial position, absence or availability of work. Mostly young people come into the army at the age of 19. In this case, a person receives 6 francs for each day, provided they live with their parents or have their own housing. This amount may be increased. For example, a recruit does not have his own home, no income, and lives separately from his parents. In this case, the state adds to the 6 francs the amount that the recruit spends to pay for the apartment, and also makes payment of medical insurance, which is mandatory. The situation is completely different with those of the military who already have a permanent job. During the service they are paid wages from the direct employer. In turn, the employer receives compensation for the absent employee from the state.
It is not at all problematic to postpone your time limit.service for the next year. And this can be done in whole or in part. However, in this case, the soldier will be forced to pay a considerable amount, which amounts to 3% of the annual income. Such a harsh sanction was created in order to prevent the recruits from abusing the “kindness” of the state or, more simply, “to stand aside” from the army. It should also be noted that in Switzerland there are practically no valid reasons for not serving. Even studying at a university is not an opportunity to “hide” from military service. A similar principle of rigidity in the process of organizing a service is necessary, given the composition of Switzerland. This approach is due to the main task of the government: to ensure the unity of the state, which consists of many ethnically different nations.
Currently, there are several majorways not to serve in the Swiss army. Each of them is purely nominal and in most cases is not used at all. This is due to the fact that Swiss laws contain extremely harsh sanctions for those who do not wish to give the allotted time to the good of their homeland. But in the most extreme case, there are legally legal ways to protect themselves from combat training in the ranks of the Swiss army, namely:
one.The first method can be used exclusively by foreigners. Its essence is not to obtain Swiss citizenship until it reaches the age that excludes recruitment to the army. The method is quite simple, however, as already noted earlier, it is available exclusively for foreigners.
2. You can also replace the army service with an alternative service.
3. The most effective way is the disease. However, in this case you have to pay a fine of 200 to 500 francs. In addition, very few types of diseases that are respectful.
Swiss Army, whose numbers are not easygreat, and colossal, allows some individuals to serve the Confederation in an alternative way. An alternative type of service may be selected on the basis of religious beliefs, health of the person called up, or other aspects. It should be noted that the alternative service is completely unprofitable, since its term is much longer, and it does not impart any useful skills. There are the following alternatives:
- Civil defense is well developed in the Swiss Confederation, therefore service in this area is essentially the same army, only the process of passing is much easier.
- The most commonly used alternative iscivil service. The bottom line is that a person for a certain time performs useful work that does not require special qualifications: he drives a motor vehicle, works in hospitals, etc.
Of all the existing sanctions against peoplewho do not want to serve in the army, the most severe is imprisonment. It usually applies to those individuals who directly refuse to serve in the army. The term of imprisonment can vary from one to twelve months. Although there are advantages. Punishment is served in places of restriction of freedom. But very peculiar. That is, a person works during the day where he has been before, and goes to a specialized institution for the night. In addition to restricting freedom, a form of social punishment may be applied.
So, in the article we figured out what the armySwitzerland, how it is done, how the process of service is carried out. It should be noted that the existing army orders in the Swiss Confederation bring great effect, and the militia defense organization system allows you to gather a huge number of trained soldiers in the event of an unforeseen war. Switzerland on the world map is almost not noticeable, but its combat power is comparable with many large states.
