It is difficult to overestimate the importance of the topic,what a terrible illness, such as an extensive stroke, the consequences. The chances of surviving with such a diagnosis can not be called high. But even if it is possible to avoid a lethal outcome, such a defeat of the brain will definitely affect the vital activity of the patient. Therefore, it is worthwhile to know what this pathology is and what its symptoms are.
This problem can be defined as sufficientserious, because it affects the brain. This disease is common and begins to occur more and more in middle-aged people, while earlier such diagnoses were mainly recorded among citizens who had long celebrated their fiftieth anniversary.
It should be noted that only in the presence of highqualification of a doctor and access to the right medicines, it makes sense to talk about the effective treatment of such a disease as an extensive stroke of the brain. The consequences of the ailment are more than serious, and if you do not provide timely assistance, then a fatal outcome is possible. Therefore, do not hesitate in case of signs of hemorrhage to the brain.
In fact, such a diagnosis can have two main directions. This is an ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke (the most serious degree of injury).
Initially, it is worth to touch the light form, whichis a consequence of the narrowing of the vessels of the brain. During this process, brain cells die due to a lack of oxygen, which must come along with the blood. Such a disease develops rapidly and has an extensive character (artery or a whole group of vessels is affected).
In this case, the ischemic stroke itself can have several varieties:
- Lacunar. It leads to the formation of lacunae (cavities) in the brain.
- Microcluster. In this case, there is a violation of the mechanism, which ensures optimal blood flow (hemostasis).
- Cardioembolic. Artery clogged, but partially.
- Hemodynamic.To this type of stroke can lead to a sudden jump in blood pressure. When blood pressure significantly decreases, there is a narrowing of the vessels, which, in turn, leads to a sharp outflow of blood.
- The trunk.This diagnosis is used to determine the damage to the brain stem. This is a very dangerous form of extensive stroke, because in this case, the vital centers are damaged. This state in the vast majority of cases ends in an instant death.
- Atherothrombic. In this case, the cause of the violation of blood supply is due to a blood clot that is detached from the vessel wall, or due to atherosclerosis.
As you can see, an extensive cerebral stroke stroke is far from comforting, since the degree of damage is too high.
This type of stroke is characterized by such a dangerous feature as cerebral hemorrhage. In this case, there are two options for the development of events:
- Intracerebral stroke, which was caused by a sudden jump in pressure. It is mainly diagnosed in elderly people.
- Subarachnoid extensive headache strokebrain with hemorrhage. In this case, we are talking about the rupture of the artery. Such an outcome is most often recorded in those who have excess weight or practice bad habits.
As mentioned above, the essence of the vast strokereduces to the fact that there is a blockage or rupture of a group of vessels of the brain or one large artery. From this it follows that any factors that have a negative effect on the blood vessels and the blood flow in particular can be considered as a cause of hemorrhage.
More specifically, it is worthwhileattention to a threat such as an atherosclerotic plaque and those thrombi that can form on it. It is she who often provokes an extensive stroke of the brain. The causes of such plaques are a separate topic, but those who are loyal to excess weight are often at risk.
Often, the violation of blood supply in the brain can be a consequence of the development of other diseases in the body. Thus, people with the following diagnoses fall into the risk group:
- hypertension, especially in neglected condition;
- the pathology of the heart, as it creates conditions for emboli and blood clots (congenital and acquired defects, atrial fibrillation, cardiac valves that have been prosthetized);
- asymptomatic atherosclerotic stenosis of carotid arteries;
- Obesity as a consequence of a low-activity lifestyle;
- Diabetes mellitus (fluidity of blood deteriorates, clots are formed);
- cerebral atherosclerosis and high cholesterol in the blood;
transient ischemic attack in the anamnesis.
In order to respond quickly to a stroke, you need to know the key symptoms of it. This will help to correctly determine the patient's condition and immediately call an ambulance.
It is important to study the topic of symptoms beforeto deal with what causes extensive stroke of the consequences. The chances of surviving in the case of a particular patient directly depend on whether medical care is provided in a timely manner.
It is important to note the fact that there isconcomitant signs that indicate the occurrence of an extensive stroke. They can manifest themselves before the hemorrhage itself occurs. Sometimes such symptoms make themselves felt a few weeks before the worsening of the problem. These include the following manifestations:
- headache;
- dizziness;
- short-term memory loss;
- darkening in the eyes during sudden movements;
- temporary loss of orientation in space.
Such a problem as an extensive stroke of the brain, the symptoms may have a somewhat different kind in the event that significant amounts of substance were hit. They look like this:
- drowsiness;
- Strong headache;
- temperature increase;
- loss of consciousness (even a coma is possible);
- speech becomes disconnected;
- memory loss is observed;
sweating;
- convulsions;
- a feeling of dryness in the mouth;
- a feeling of strong sudden heat;
- pain in the eye area;
- the patient ceases to understand what is happening to him and where he is, although he remains conscious (state of stupor).
In addition to the above symptoms, there are several ways to help diagnose the condition of a person whose brain is affected due to a rupture or blockage of blood vessels.
To do this, you must perform simple steps:
- Try to talk to the man. If the speech fails and the patient can not quickly answer simple questions, it is necessary to dial the emergency number.
- It is necessary to ask to smile at suspicion onextensive brain stroke. Consequences of hemorrhage or lack of oxygen can manifest themselves through impaired facial expressions - one of the corners of the mouth during an attempt to smile will drop down.
“Another method to quickly diagnose a condition is to try to raise two hands up. If the blood supply in the head was broken, then the synchronization of movements will not be - one hand will be lower than the other.
In general, it is better to react radically once again than to allow an extensive stroke. The consequences (the photo above clearly shows the picture of the affected brain) may be too serious.
First of all it is worth noting that the fullrecovery is unlikely to be possible with such a severe diagnosis. This is due to the fact that after such a stroke, a violation of various vital functions occurs. Considering such topics as an extensive stroke, the consequences, the chances of survival and the possibilities of rehabilitation, you should pay attention to the following difficulties, which are the result of brain damage:
- Impaired speech. It is extremely difficult for those who have experienced such a serious condition to compose even the simplest sentences.
- Amnesia. In this case, we are talking about the inability to remember the various details associated with life, moreover, the perception of information is much more complicated.
- Impaired concentration, motility and coordination of speech.
- Paralysis of half of the face, limbs, and in some cases complete loss of motor functions.
If timely provide qualifiedmedical care, then in about a third of cases, these consequences of a massive stroke can be returned to the level where the patient will be able to live fully.
This is one of the most difficult outcomes that canbe with brain damage. Immediately, the coma itself occurs due to rupture of a large cerebral vessel, as well as after massive subarachnoid or intracerebral hemorrhage. In this condition, the patient loses consciousness and does not recover.
The longer the duration of the coma and the strongerdevelopment, the more massive was the damage to the neurons. In this case, an extensive brain stroke after a coma can have very significant consequences, since during the unconscious state, extremely destructive irreversible changes occur in the brain.
In this condition, the patient is unable to respondon various stimuli. At the same time, the patient's reflexes do not manifest themselves in any way: the pupils do not react to light and are narrowed, while the pain also does not cause any reactions.
В некоторых случаях возможна произвольная defecation and urination. The only reflexes that persist during a coma is swallowing and breathing. If a coma results from a hemorrhagic stroke, in most cases death occurs within 1-2 days due to brain edema.
In general, the degree of risk of death increases with the presence of the following factors:
- the process of death of brain cells is recorded;
- the age of the patient exceeds 70 years;
- spasms of the limbs are fixed for more than 2-3 days;
- there is no reaction to the circulation, pain reactions and sound;
- the coma came already at the second stroke.
In order to make a more accurate prognosis, physicians, as a rule, use computed and magnetic resonance imaging. Blood tests can also significantly help in the process of diagnosis.
The first thing you can do in a hospital settingafter the patient has been delivered, it is to lower blood pressure, connect the patient to the artificial respiration apparatus and increase the degree of blood flow. Moreover, it is important that such assistance be provided in the first three hours after the stroke occurred.
To the recovery process took place aseffectively, it is necessary to place the patient in a rehabilitation center. The recovery course itself can last from one month to two years. These are the consequences of extensive brain stroke. Reviews of many relatives of patients affected by this disease confirm the fact that it is worth tune in for a long period of rehabilitation and care for the patient. This is the only way to achieve its return to a normal lifestyle.
Emergency treatment can be directed tocorrection of heart rhythm and respiration, neutralization of cerebral edema, normalization of blood pressure, relief of seizures, overcoming violations of homeostasis, fever, vomiting and other symptoms that are pathological. In this case, the recovery process itself must be differentiated.
If you have to deal with ischemicstroke, thrombolytic therapy is often performed, and blood-thinning medications are used. In some cases, if it is not possible to stop active bleeding in the area of the brain, a neurosurgical operation is performed.
Rehabilitation is also possible at home, but all actions must be coordinated with the doctor. As for the procedures that must be performed in this period, here is a list of them:
- reflexotherapy;
- magnetic therapy;
- electrostimulation;
- massage.
It is important not to forget about actions that haveprophylactic effect, since repeated brain damage may no longer leave a chance for recovery. In order to prevent such a development of events, you should follow the proven principles:
- regular exercise;
- The minimum number of stressful situations;
- complete rejection of bad habits;
- regular use of drugs against high blood pressure, which the doctor prescribed;
- The right diet without harmful fatty foods;
- control of excess weight.
As you can see, in the presence of such a problem,as an extensive stroke, the consequences, the chances of survival and the projections in general can not be unambiguous. A lot depends on how quickly qualified medical assistance will be rendered, as well as on many other factors (health condition per se, age, etc.).
