In the course of conducting business operationsthere is a need to settle with other debtors and creditors. In the chart of accounts, a summary is used to summarize this information. 76. It reflects the debit or credit indebtedness that arises in the process of mutual settlements with other legal entities that are not included in the accounting accounting registers.
In the methodology of accountingthere are groups of registries that take into account settlements with different legal entities and individuals. One of these registers is cc. 76, which is called "Settlements with different debtors and creditors". All operations related to property insurance, settlements for various claims, dividends, deposited salary, as well as money amounts withheld from the salary of a hired employee in favor of a third person are collected here.
Separate accounting of settlements with different creditors and debtors helps to qualitatively analyze the movement of funds that indirectly participate in the organization of the production process.
Depending on the type of calculations performed,76 different sub-accounts are opened for each type of operation. This division allows you to most effectively reflect the picture of costs and redistribute costs to other accounts. On the turnover-balance sheet in the context of the sub-accounts is clearly visible debt, which may need to take action.
Obligations under the calculations considered on the firstsub-account, refer to personal and property insurance. This group includes all expenses that the company incurred in connection with insurance of fixed assets or personnel. The only exception is insurance premiums accrued from the employee's salary. Insurance costs on property are reflected from the credit side in correspondence with the accounts of general economic expenses. When transferring funds to insurance companies, amounts are transferred to debit. 76 in correspondence with сч. 51.
There are also other reasons, as a resultwhich money is transferred to the debit of the account 76. For example, there losses are written off from the spoiled property of the company. Accounting for settlements with different creditors and debtors, depending on the damage suffered, reduces the credit balances of fixed assets or commodity-material values.
In the debit of insurance costs, reimbursements fall,which are accrued under a contract of voluntary insurance of employees. Such amounts are transferred from the sc. 73 "Settlements with the personnel for other operations". When the money is received on the company's account, insurance premiums are credited by acc. 76.1. If a part of the accrued insurance indemnities is not compensated in connection with different situations, the balance of funds is transferred to other expenses (item 91.2).
In the process of working with commercial partnersthere may be various claims related to the failure to fulfill contractual obligations in terms of supply of goods, transportation or late payments. For such operations, a second sub-account is provided that has an analyst in the context of each individual claim. Accounting for settlements with different creditors and debtors on claims is made on a debit balance. Requirements may be presented to the suppliers of raw materials if there is a discrepancy in the technical description, as well as in the case of inadequate quality of materials and spare parts.
Also, troubles can arise in the sphere oftransportation of finished products. When processing the primary documentation, there are times when the amounts set out for payment do not correspond to the tariffs stated in the contract. Such deficiencies can be caused both by a deliberate overestimation of value, and by errors in arithmetic. These claims are recorded in correspondence with sc. 60 "Calculations with suppliers and contractors" or using accounts of various production stocks.
If the logistic agent delivered the goods that are not appropriatequantitative values in the waybill, then such a situation is also commonly referred to as claims. The calculation of calculations related to the shortage or surplus of consignments is discontinued from the balance sheet. 60, which reflects all calculations with suppliers and contractors.
Separately it is necessary to talk about such article of expenses,as fines and penalties. This kind of claims is quite frequent, as when concluding contractual obligations, the parties always prescribe special conditions for non-compliance. To write off such claims, the invoice is applied. 91. Those amounts of claims that remained unrecognized payers are not used in accounting.
Marriage in production or simple is also common. Such business transactions are debited to acc. 76.2.
To the accounting sc. 76 there is a special sub-account, which accumulates calculations for dividends accrued to the company in connection with equity participation.
All income of this type, subject to distribution,are reflected in debit. 76.3 in correspondence with the account of non-operating income. The monetary assets received on the current account carry 76 accounts in the account assignment with 51 accounts.
To account for unclaimed wagesopens inv. 76.4. This situation can arise in the event that the employee was unable to appear on time for money, and cash remained in the cash register of the enterprise. The remaining amount of earnings is reflected in the credit of the score 76.4 in correspondence with the labor account (item 70).
In accordance with company lawmust conduct an inventory of the debt at least once a year. Such an operation is most often performed before the balance sheet is drawn up. Inventory results help to verify all balances on accounts and contractual obligations. They are formalized by a two-sided reconciliation statement.
In the accounting policy of the organization is fixednumber of such inspections, deadlines and procedure. Inventory plays an important controlling role, helps to reduce the number of "dead" payments and get rid of bad debts by forgiving a partner.
You can call any debt indecisive,the payment term of which was omitted. In this case, it is worth considering the fact that if a taxpayer has overdue accounts payable to the same partner, then such a debt is not doubtful. Perhaps, to resolve this situation, it is enough to secure counter obligations. The debt, which was considered doubtful, can be written off unilaterally after three years.
Analytical accounting of settlements with different creditorsand debtors allows you to timely adjust the taxable base, and with it you can determine the size of the reserve fund, which must be created when identifying doubtful debts.