Фундаментом называется та часть здания, которая takes on all the load structures and transmits it to the ground. From the strength of the foundation depends on the stability, strength and durability of the whole house, so it is very important to choose the right type of it.
One type of foundation is columnar.Its device is advisable when a deep foundation is required and other types of foundations, for example, strip or slab, are too expensive option. As a rule, columnar foundations are arranged for light, one or two-story structures made of wood or brick.
Arranging the foundation with your own hands, columnar or any other, though it’s not a simple matter, is quite feasible, you should only study the construction technology well.
The construction of the pillar foundation iserection of free-standing, unrelated pillars, under the main components of the building - at the corners, along the perimeter of the building, at the intersection of the walls, under the pier walls and other points of great concentration of loads. As a rule, building the foundation with your own hands is columnar, the distance between the elements is made 1.2-3 m. Strapping beams are placed on the erected pillars, on which, actually, the laying of walls begins.
Building a foundation with your own hands, columnaruse for this the following materials: concrete, concrete, slabstone, natural stone or brick. The dimensions of the pillars depend on the material used to manufacture the foundation, the size of the structure and the material from which it will be built.
Starting to build a pillar foundation with your ownhands, you should know the exact dimensions of the building and its internal layout, that is, the location of the supporting walls and partitions. First of all, it is necessary to make a marking on the site, for this purpose, the length of the walls is measured by a tape measure, pegs are hammered in the center of the supposed columns, necessarily checking the diagonals to avoid skewing and provide 90 ° to all angles.
Further, building a pillar foundation with your own hands,you need to work as a drill to make a small trench under each pillar. Its depth depends on the depth of soil freezing in the region. For example, if this value is 1 m, then the depth of the pit should be 1.2 m, the width of its sides depends on the column section. In each dug recess, you need to clean the walls, lay them on the sides with a waterproofing layer, for this you can use ordinary roofing material, and put a small sand cushion on the bottom, which is recommended to be tamped well. In the center of the future column, several bars of reinforcement are installed, which should protrude above the ground surface to the expected height of the element.
The next step is to fill the preparedexcavation with concrete to the ground level, then, around each pillar should form a formwork. It can be wooden or metal, collapsible or monolithic. Concrete should be of high grade, and when preparing the concrete mix independently, you must make sure that the cement has a grade of at least 400. If desired, you can build a columnar foundation with your own hands from the baked brick on the cement mortar, with the obligatory dressing of joints.
The main thing in the construction of this type of foundation,It is necessary to adhere to the iron rule: the height of all columns must be horizontally aligned, for this you can use the water level and make the regulation not only along the adjacent columns, but also diagonally.
You can, as a permanent formwork,use asbestos cement pipe. In this case, it is placed on the bottom of the excavation, carefully calibrated vertically and filled with concrete to the entire height of the pole, well tamping it well.
Ready-made pillars should be left for complete curing of the concrete for at least a month, covered with precipitation.
Before construction should be donecalculation of the column foundation. It is unlikely to do this on your own, since this procedure is quite laborious and requires some special knowledge, in general it consists of the following steps: determining the nature of soils and finding the maximum permissible load using special tables, then the weight of all the structures of the house load points. Then, the largest value of weight is divided by the allowable load and, as a result, the value of the footing area of the foundation is obtained. Usually, for reinsurance, another 40% of the value is added to it. But this is a simplified scheme, since in calculating the columnar foundation, the concrete grade, the amount of reinforcement, and some other necessary parameters are also taken into account. In any case, it is not worthwhile to do the foundation calculations on your own, because it is the most crucial part of the structure and an error in its calculations can be too expensive.
