Anna Andreevna Akhmatova - one of the greatestpoetess of the 20th century. A woman whose perseverance and devotion in Russia was admired. Soviet power took her husband, then her son, her poems were forbidden, and the press suited her persecution. But no sorrows could break her spirit. And the trials that fell to her share, embodied in his works Akhmatova. "Requiem", the history of creation and analysis of which will be discussed in this article, became the swan song of the poetess.
"Requiem", the history of creation of which is connected withvery hard years for the Russian people, was extorted by a writer. In 1935, the son of Akhmatova and Nikolai Gumilev was arrested for anti-Soviet activities - Lev Gumilev. Then Anna Andreevna managed to quickly release her son by writing a letter to Stalin personally. But in 1938 a second arrest followed, then Gumilev Jr. was sentenced to 10 years. And in 1949 the last arrest was made, after which he was sentenced to death, replaced later by reference. A few years later, Lev Gumilev was fully rehabilitated, and the charges were found to be unfounded.
Poem Akhmatova's "Requiem" embodied all thoseThe sadness that the poet has endured for these terrible years. But not only the family tragedy reflected in the work. It expressed the grief of all the people who suffered at that terrible time.
Sketches appeared in 1934.But this was a lyrical cycle, the creation of which was originally planned by Akhmatova. "Requiem" (the history of creation of which is our theme) became a poem later, as early as 1938-40. Finished the same product was already in the 50's.
In the sixties of the 20th century, a poem published insamizdat, enjoyed great popularity and passed from hand to hand. This is due to the fact that the work was prohibited. She transferred a lot to save her poem, Akhmatova.
In 1963, the text of the poem goes abroad.Here, in Munich, the work is first officially published. Russian emigrants appreciated the poem, the publication of these poems confirmed the opinion of the poetic talent of Anna Andreevna. However, the full text of "Requiem" was released only in 1987, when it was published in the journal "October".
The theme of Akhmatova's poem "Requiem" - sufferinga man by his loved ones, whose life weighs by a thread. The work consists of poems written in different years. But they are all united by a mournful and mournful sound, which is already pronounced in the title of the poem. Requiem is a musical work intended for a requiem.
In the prose preface, Akhmatova reportsthat the work was written at the request of others. Here has manifested itself the tradition laid by Pushkin and Nekrasov. That is, the fulfillment of the order of an ordinary person, who embodies the will of the people, speaks about the civil orientation of the whole work. Therefore, the heroes of the poem are all those people who stood with her under the “red blind wall”. The poetess writes not only about her grief, but also about the suffering of the whole nation. Therefore, her lyrical "I" is transformed into a large-scale and all-encompassing "we."
Polyphony and many-sided "Requiem" (Akhmatova), the content of the poem and determined these features. Due to the many-sidedness of the reader hears crying and feels the grief of not one person, but all the victims.
The first part of the poem, written by trinityAnapaestus, speaks of its folk direction. And the images (dawn, dark room, arrest, similar to the removal of the body) create an atmosphere of historical authenticity and lead to the depths of the centuries: “I am like archer women”. Thus, the sufferings of the lyrical heroine are interpreted as timeless, familiar to women in the years of Peter the Great.
The second part of the work, writtenfour-stop trochee, sustained in the style of a lullaby. The heroine is no longer distressed and does not cry, she is calm and restrained. However, this humility is permissible, a real madness is growing inside her from the grief experienced. At the end of the second part in the thoughts of the lyrical heroine everything is interfered, madness seizes her completely.
Poem Akhmatova "Requiem" bears the pain andthe sufferings of the whole Russian people. And not only experienced in the 20th century, but also for all past centuries. Anna Andreevna does not present her life with documentary accuracy, she speaks about the past of Russia, its present and future.