M. Yu.Lermontov is a famous Russian classic who was one of the brightest and most gifted poets, prose writers, playwrights of the romantic direction. All the artistic works of Lermontov are unusually lyrical, beautifully composed and easily perceived by the reader. Such world values as D. G. Byron and A. S. Pushkin greatly influenced his literary work.
Surname Lermontov has its roots from the nativefrom Scotland, George Lermont, who served the Polish king, who was captured by the Russians during the siege of the White fortress. He joined the detachments of the Moscow troops. And since 1613 he was in the service of the Sovereign of Russia, and for faithful service he received land in the Galich district (Kostroma province).
The surname Lermont wore and the famous Scottishthirteenth century poet - Thomas. Surname Lerma was and the Spanish Duke. The poet was looking for a connection with the ancestors of the Scots, but most of all for him the relationship with the Spanish duke, minister of King Philip III, was fascinating. Lermontov even has a whole "Spanish" cycle in the visual arts, because he was also an excellent artist.
By the time the poet was born, the Lermontov family was strongimpoverished. Father Yury Petrovich was a noticeable handsome man with a sympathetic and kind soul, but extremely unrestrained and sometimes very frivolous. His estate Kropotovka in the Efremov district bordered on the estate of S. A. Arsenieva (nee Stolypin). Her daughter, the romantic Maria Mikhailovna, could not help falling in love with such a charming neighbor and, despite the protests of her mother, married her. But marital happiness was short-lived, exhausted by consumption and nervous breakdowns due to her husband's constant betrayal, she died in the spring of 1817.
In Moscow, October 3, 1814Mikhail Lermontov was born. As a child, he was a sickly, moody and nervous boy. He suffered from diathesis, scrofula and measles. For a long time he was bedridden due to rickets, which led to the curvature of the legs. After the early death of his mother, Lermontov had only vague, but very dear to his heart, images. Grandmother Elizaveta Arsenyeva took all the trouble of his upbringing and took care of him to the end of his life. But she simply did not transfer her son-in-law to the spirit. Due to hostility with the mother-in-law, Yury Petrovich was forced to leave for his estate and leave her son to her. However, he nevertheless visited the mother-in-law several times with the intention of taking Michael back to him, but all was in vain. The boy saw enmity, it was very difficult for him to endure all this. He constantly suffered and hesitated between his grandmother and his father. In the drama Menschen und Leidenschaften, Lermontov reflected all his feelings about this. Then she and her grandmother moved to an estate called Tarkhany (Penza province). There practically passed all childhood of the poet.
In 1828, Lermontov began studying atNoble hostel of Moscow University. Then he continued his studies at the verbal department of the same educational institution. But ultimately he was forced to give up all this because of a major quarrel with the reactionary professorship. His career was in doubt. And the grandmother insisted that her grandson enter the School of the Guards Warrant Officers and Cavalry Junkers. Young Lermontov was not very inspired by the military career, but at the same time he dreamed of the great exploits that his ancestors accomplished, although he knew in his heart that in the best of cases he was in for a war in the Caucasus.
In 1834, he graduated from the School and went to serve as a cornet in the Nizhny Novgorod hussar regiment. The first work, which appeared in print in 1835 without his knowledge, was the poem “Haji Abrek”.
Lermontov's works were often worn.prophetic character. In 1837, he dedicated to A.S. Pushkin his fateful verse, “The Death of a Poet,” where he accuses all high-ranking authority in Russia, led by Tsar Nicholas I, for death. Then he is sent into exile to the Caucasus. A year later he returned to St. Petersburg, but because of a duel with the Frenchman Ernest de Barant, he was again sent to the Caucasus to an infantry regiment. In battle, he showed unprecedented courage and courage, but the king did not notice him with any awards. Lermontov was even interrupted by a vacation in Petersburg and ordered to leave the city in two days.
On returning to the regiment, Lermontov stops atPyatigorsk, to heal a little, but there he had a ridiculous quarrel over his ridicule, presumably, over Natalia Solomonovna - Martynov’s sister, a schoolmate of a military school, with whom he had never particularly feuded. The girl thought that Lermontov was in love with her, and he described his heroine Mary in the “Hero of Our Time” precisely from her. July 15, 1841 a duel took place. M. Y. Lermontov was instantly killed on it by N. S. Martynov. The bullet went right through his heart.
In all this short time allotted by God, there have beensuch famous works of Lermontov were created, which became truly masterpieces of Russian literature. These are “The Song of the Merchant Kalashnikov”, and “Mtsyri”, and “The Demon”, as well as a huge number of lyric poems, the drama “Masquerade” and the immortal novel “The Hero of Our Time”.
The work of Lermontov "Ashik-Kerib" was createdlike a romantic oriental tale of love. It is based on the literary processed Azerbaijani folk tale, heard by the poet in exile in the Caucasus. This is a kind and light work about the love of two young heroes of poor man Ashik-Kerib and his lover - daughter of a rich merchant Magul-Megeri. Ashik-Kerib will do everything to get rich and marry his beloved. But the wise and resourceful Magul-Megeri, too, will not be left behind and will help him with his female cunning. In the end, they will all be happy together. This beautiful tale has not left anyone indifferent.
The novel "Hero of Our Time" Lermontov wrote in25 years, a year before his tragic death. This novel was created in the form of separate stories, short stories, travel essays and diary entries. For the author, the main thing was the disclosure of the image of the main character. Chapters are mixed in the novel; historical reality is not paramount here. The work is complicated by the fact that there are three narrators narrating their stories in it: a traveling officer, Maxim Maksimych and, finally, the main character, Grigory Pechorin. The image of Pechorin throughout the work is revealed in different ways, from the words of an outside observer, a personal friend of the hero himself. The reader will gradually delve into the psychology of Pechorin. First there will be superficial, then detailed and only then the deepest psychoanalysis and introspection. The “Hero of Our Time” of Lermontov was first published in 1840 in the Petersburg publishing house under the leadership of Ilya Glazunov.
Despite the complex and difficult character,Lermontov is a gentle romantic in his heart and a wonderful creator. Indelible impressions produce almost all the works of Lermontov. The Sail is one of his great masterpieces left to a future legacy. It was written by his quivering soul, standing at a crossroads in front of fateful decisions, and at that moment the young poet seems ready for anything. He was only 17 years old. He could have been a Decembrist or a revolutionary, but fate had a different role for him.
October 3, 1814 | The birth of M. Yu. Lermontov in Moscow |
Spring 1817 | The sudden death of the mother of the poet |
1818, 1820, 1825 | Rest in Pyatigorsk |
1828-1830 | The first works of Lermontov. Study in a noble hostel |
1830-1832 | Studying at the moral and political faculty of Moscow University. Classmates of Lermontov: I. Goncharov, A. Herzen, V. Belinsky |
1831 | Death of the father of the poet |
1832 | The poet abandons Moscow University and sends guards ensigns and cavalry junkers to the St. Petersburg school. The creation of the famous "Sails" and the unfinished novel "Vadim" |
1834 | Enters the service of a cornet in a hussar regiment |
1834-1835 gg. | Writing the drama "Masquerade" |
1837 | Creation of the poem "Song about the merchant Kalashnikov," the reactionary poem "Death of a Poet." The very first reference of the poet to the Caucasus. Writing "Borodino" and "Prisoner" |
1838 | Return from the link to Petersburg. Meeting with Karamzin. The creation of the novel "The Hero of Our Time", as well as the poem "The Demon", Mtsyri ", the poem" The Poet " |
1839 | Writing a poem "Three palm trees". In the journal "Domestic Notes" published the story "Bela" |
1840 | Written poems "How often motley crowdsurrounded by ... "," Duma. " A duel with Ernest de Barant - the son of a French politician. A separate edition of the work "Hero of Our Time." Farewell meeting with Karamzin. Created a verse "Clouds". Repeat link to the Caucasus. Lifetime edition of the collection of poems by Lermontov |
1841 | Two-month vacation in St. Petersburg. Creating poems "In the north is lonely wild", "Motherland", "I go out alone on the road." Return to the Caucasus |
June 15, 1841 | The poet was killed in a duel at Mashuk Mountain, in Pyatigorsk N. S. Martynov |
April 1842 | The body is transported and buried in the family estate in Tarkhany, at the grandmother Arsenyeva |
The theme of childhood was reflected in a number of works and alwayswas a companion of all his work. The children's poems of the famous poet are unusually tender and lyrical. They are filled with some special kindness and warmth. Children's works of Lermontov include such magnificent poems as “The Child”, “The Cossack Cradle Song”, “The Sweet Child's Birth” and others.
Uneasy life turned out to be at Lermontov, but, despite all this, he always considered the time of childhood and all his “golden days” to be the most beautiful period of human life.
All works of Lermontov in terms of literature are unique and unique. Therefore, they are still interesting to any generation of readers.
