/ Anna Akhmatova: life and work. Akhmatova: the main themes of creativity

Anna Akhmatova: life and work. Akhmatova: the main themes of creativity

Anna Akhmatova, whose life and work we are to youimagine - this is a literary pseudonym, which signed her poems AA Gorenko. This poet was born in 1889, on June 11 (23), near Odessa. Her family soon moved to Tsarskoe Selo, where she lived until the age of 16 Akhmatova. Creativity (briefly) of this poetess will be presented after her biography. Let's get acquainted first with the life of Anna Gorenko.

Young years

Young years were not cloudless for Anna Andreevna.Her parents split up in 1905. Mother took Evpatoria to daughters with tuberculosis. Here, for the first time, the "wild girl" encountered the life of rough foreign and dirty cities. She also experienced a love drama, made an attempt to commit suicide.

Training in the Kiev and Tsarskoye Selo gymnasiums

The early youth of this poetess was marked by her studiesin the Kiev and Tsarskoye Selo gymnasiums. The last class took place in Kiev. After that, the future poetess studied in Kiev jurisprudence, as well as philology in St. Petersburg, at the Higher Women's Courses. In Kiev she learned Latin, which later allowed her to master the Italian language freely, to read in the original Dante. However, Akhmatova to legal disciplines soon cooled off, so she went to St. Petersburg, continuing her studies at historical and literary courses.

First poems and publications

The first poems, in which Derzhavin's influence is still noticeable, were written by a young schoolgirl Gorenko when she was only 11 years old. In 1907, the first publications appeared.

In 1910, from the very beginning, Akhmatovaregularly begins to be published in Moscow and St. Petersburg publications. After the creation of the "Poets' Workshop" (in 1911), a literary union, she fulfills the duties of a secretary in it.

Marriage, a trip to Europe

Anna Andreevna in the period from 1910 to 1918 wasmarried to N.S. Gumilev, also a famous Russian poet. With her, she met while studying in the Tsarskoye Selo grammar school. After that, Akhmatova traveled to Paris in 1910-1912, where she made friends with Amedeo Modigliani, an Italian artist who created her portrait. Also at the same time, she visited Italy.

The exterior of Akhmatova

Nikolai Gumilev introduced his wife toliterary and artistic environment, where her name acquired early significance. Not only the poetic manner of Anna Andreevna became popular, but also her appearance. Akhmatova amazed contemporaries with majesty, royalty. She was given signs of attention, like a queen. The exterior of this poetess was inspired not only by A. Modigliani, but also by such artists as K. Petrov-Vodkin, A. Altman, Z. Serebryakova, A. Tyshler, N. Tyrsa, A. Danko (the work of Petrov-Vodkin is presented below) .

creativity of Ahmatov

The first collection of poems and the birth of his son

In 1912, a landmark for the poetess,there were two important events in her life. The first collection of poems by Anna Andreevna is published under the title "Evening", which marked her work. Akhmatova also gave birth to her son, the future historian, Gumilev Lev Nikolayevich - an important event in his personal life.

akhmatova creativity

The poems included in the first collection are plastic inThe images used in them are clear on the composition. They forced Russian criticism to say that a new talent arose in poetry. Although the "teachers" of Akhmatova are such symbolic masters as AA Blok and I. Annensky, her poetry was perceived from the very beginning as acmeistic. In fact, together with OE Mandelstam and N. S. Gumilev, the poet at the beginning of 1910 formed the core of this new trend that appeared at the time in poetry.

The next two collections, the decision to stay in Russia

Followed the first collection and the second bookunder the name "Rosary" (in 1914), and three years later, in September 1917, the collection "The White Flock", the third in a row in her work, was published. The October coup did not force the poetess to emigrate, although at that time mass emigration began. One after another, people close to Akhmatova left Russia: A. Lurye, B. Antrep, and also O. Glebova-Studeikina, her friend of youth. However, the poetess decided to stay in "sinful" and "deaf" Russia. The sense of responsibility before her country, the connection with the Russian land and the language prompted Anna Andreevna to enter into a dialogue with those who decided to leave it. For many years, those who left Russia continued to justify their emigration to Akhmatova. R. Gul, in particular, argues with her, turning to Anna Andreevna V. Frank and G. Adamovich.

Difficult time for Anna Andreevna Akhmatova

Akhmatova essay on creativity

At that time, her life changed dramatically, whichreflected her work. Akhmatova worked in the library at the Agronomical Institute, in the early 1920s she managed to publish two more poetry collections. These were “Plantain”, released in 1921, as well as “Anno Domini” (translated as “In the summer of the Lord,” released in 1922). For 18 years after that, her works did not appear in print. Various reasons for this existed: on the one hand, this was the execution of N.S. Gumilev, a former husband who was accused of participating in a conspiracy against the revolution; on the other hand, the rejection of the work of the poetess by Soviet criticism. Anna Andreevna during the years of this forced silence was engaged in the work of Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin.

Visit to the Optina Hermitage

The change of his "voice" and "handwriting" AkhmatovaAssociated with the mid-1920s, with a visit in 1922, in May, Optina Desert and a conversation with Staretz Nektariy. Probably, this conversation greatly influenced the poetess. Akhmatova was on the maternal line in a relationship with A. Motovilov, who was a secular novice Serafim Sarovsky. She received the idea of ​​redemption, sacrifice through generations.

Second marriage

The fate of Akhmatova fracture was also associated withpersonality V. Shileyko, who became her second husband. It was an Orientalist who studied the culture of such ancient countries as Babylon, Assyria, Egypt. Personal life with this helpless and despotic man in everyday life did not work out, but his poetess attributed to his influence an increase in philosophical restrained notes.

Life and work in the 1940s

The collection entitled "Of the six books" appearsin the 1940s. He returned for a short time to the modern literature of the time such a poetess like Anna Akhmatova. Her life and work at this time are quite dramatic. Akhmatova found the Great Patriotic War in Leningrad. She was evacuated from there to Tashkent. However, in 1944 the poetess returned to Leningrad. In 1946, subjected to unfair and cruel criticism, she was expelled from the Union of Writers.

Return to Russian literature

Akhmatova life and work

After this event, the next decade inthe work of the poetess was marked only by the fact that at that time Anna Akhmatova was engaged in literary translation. Her Soviet government was not interested in creativity. L. N. Gumilev, her son, was serving his sentence in forced labor camps as a political criminal at this time. Akhmatova's poems returned to Russian literature only in the second half of the 1950s. Since 1958 collections of the lyrics of this poetess are beginning to be published again. It was completed in 1962, "Poem without a hero," created for as many as 22 years. Anna Akhmatova died in 1966, March 5th. Buried poetess near St. Petersburg, in Komarovo. Her grave is presented below.

theme of the motherland in the work of Akhmatova

Acmeism in the works of Akhmatova

Ахматова, творчество которой сегодня является one of the vertices of national poetry, later treated her rather coolly to her first book of poems, highlighting in her only line: "... getting drunk with the sound of a voice similar to yours." Mikhail Kuzmin, however, finished his preface to this collection with the words that a young, new poet is coming to us, having all the data to become real. In many ways, it predetermined the poetics of "Evenings" the theoretical program of Acmeism - a new trend in literature, to which such a poetess like Anna Akhmatova is often referred. Her work reflects many of the characteristic features of this trend.

The photo below was taken in 1925.

Anna Akhmatova creativity

Acmeism arose as a reaction to the extremes of style.symbolists. So, for example, the article by V. M. Zhirmunsky, a famous literary critic and critic, about the work of representatives of this trend was called as follows: "Overcoming symbolism." They were opposed to the mystical dales and the "purple worlds" by life in this world, "here and now." Moral relativism and various forms of new Christianity have been replaced by "values ​​with an unshakable rock."

Theme of love in the work of the poetess

Akhmatova came to the literature of the 20th century, his firstquarters, with the most traditional theme for world lyrics, the theme of love. However, her decision in the work of this poetess is fundamentally new. Akhmatova's poems are far from sentimental female lyrics, presented in the 19th century by such names as Karolina Pavlova, Julia Zhadovskaya, Mirra Lokhvitskaya. They are also far from the "ideal", abstract lyricism characteristic of the love poetry of the Symbolists. In this sense, it was mainly based not on Russian lyrics, but on Akhmatova’s 19th century prose. Her work was innovative. O. E. Mandelshtam, for example, wrote that the complexity of the 19th century Russian novel of Akhmatov brought the lyrics. Writing on her work could begin with this thesis.

In the "Evening" appeared in different guises lovefeelings, but the heroine has always been rejected, deceived, suffering. K. Chukovsky wrote about her that the first to discover that being unloved is poetic is precisely Akhmatova (an essay on her, Akhmatova and Mayakovsky, created by the same author, largely contributed to her persecution when the poems of this poetess not published). Unhappy love saw a source of creativity, not a curse. The three parts of the collection are called “Love”, “Deception” and “Muse”, respectively. The fragile femininity and grace combined in the lyrics of Akhmatova with the courageous acceptance of their suffering. Of the 46 poems in this collection, almost half were devoted to parting and death. This is not an accident. In the period from 1910 to 1912 the poetess owned a feeling of short days, she had a premonition of death. By 1912, her two sisters had died of tuberculosis, so Anna Gorenko (Akhmatova, whose life and work we are considering) believed that the same fate would befall her. However, in contrast to the Symbolists, she did not connect separation and death with feelings of hopelessness, anguish. These moods gave rise to the experience of the beauty of the world.

Outlined in the collection "Evening" and finally formed first in the "Rosary", then in the "White Pack" distinctive features of the style of this poetess.

Motives of conscience and memory

Deep intimate is the intimate lyrics of Anna Andreevna. Already in "Rosary" and "Evening", along with the theme of love, there are two other main motives - conscience and memory.

"Fateful minutes" that markednational history (the First World War, which began in 1914), coincided with a difficult period in the life of the poetess. She opened tuberculosis in 1915, her inherited disease in the family.

"Pushkinism" Akhmatova

Anna Akhmatova life and work

The motives of conscience and memory are further strengthened."White pack", after which in her work become dominant. The poetic style of this poetess in the years 1915-1917 evolves. Increasingly, a kind of “Pushkinism” by Akhmatova is mentioned in criticism. The essence of it is artistic completeness, accuracy of expression. There is also the presence of a “quote layer” with numerous roll calls and allusions both with contemporaries and with predecessors: O. E. Mandelstam, B. L. Pasternak, A. A. Blok. All the spiritual riches of the culture of our country stood behind Akhmatova, and she rightly felt that he was his successor.

The theme of the motherland in the work of Akhmatova, attitude to the revolution

Could not but be reflected in the work of dramaticevents time life poetess. Akhmatova, whose life and work took place in a difficult period for our country, perceived the revolution of 1917 as a catastrophe. In her opinion, the former country no longer became. The theme of the motherland in the works of Akhmatova is presented, for example, in the collection "Anno Domini". The section opening this collection published in 1922 is called “After All”. The entire book was taken as an epigraph to the line "in those fabulous years ..." by F. I. Tyutchev. Homeland is no longer for the poetess ...

However, for Akhmatova the revolution is alsopayment for the sinful life of the past, retribution. Even if the lyric heroine did not do evil herself, she feels that she is involved in common wine, so Anna Andreyevna is ready to share the hard part of her people. Motherland in the work of Akhmatova is obliged to atone for her fault.

Even the name of the book, in translation meaning "InSummer of the Lord ", says that the poetess perceives her epoch as God's will. Using historical parallels and biblical motifs is becoming one of the ways to make sense of what is happening in Russia artistically. Akhmatova is increasingly resorting to them (for example, the poems Cleopatra and Dante) , "Bible verses").

In the lyrics of this great poetess "I" at this timeturns into "we." Anna Andreevna speaks on behalf of "many." Every hour, not only this poetess, but also her contemporaries, will be justified precisely by the word of the poet.

These are the main themes of creativity Akhmatova, aseternal, and characteristic precisely for the era of the life of this poetess. She is often compared with another - with Marina Tsvetaeva. Both of them are canons of female lyrics today. However, he has not only a lot in common, but the work of Akhmatova and Tsvetaeva is also very different. Writing on this topic is often asked to write to students. In fact, it is interesting to speculate about why it is almost impossible to confuse a poem written by Akhmatova with a work created by Tsvetaeva. However, this is another topic ...

Liked:
0
Popular Posts
Spiritual development
Food
yup