"Columbus Zamoskvorechye", the author of the plays that turnedRussian drama in "real" literature - this is A. N. Ostrovsky, whose works from the middle of the XIX century became the main ones in the repertoire of the Maly Theater in Moscow. Everything that is written to them was done not for reading, but for staging on stage. The result of 40 years of creative activity was the original (about 50), created in co-authorship, processed and translated pieces.
All Ostrovsky's works are based on constant observations of the life of various classes, mostly merchants and local nobility.
Childhood and the youth of the playwright passed inZamoskvorechye - the old district of Moscow, which was mainly inhabited by the petty bourgeois. Therefore Ostrovsky was well acquainted with the way of their life and the peculiarities of intra-family and social relations. By the middle of the XIX century, so-called "businessmen" are appearing here more and more - they will enter the new merchant class.
Очень полезной оказалась работа в канцелярии Moscow conscientious court, which Alexander Nikolayevich entered in 1843. 8 years of observation of numerous litigations and quarrels of merchants and relatives allowed to accumulate valuable material on the basis of which the best works of Ostrovsky will be written.
In the work of the playwright, it is customary to single out 4 main periods. Each was marked by a special approach to the depiction of reality and the appearance of bright plays.
Essays written in the spirit of "natural school" and inaccordance with the traditions laid down by Gogol, brought the novice literary title "Columbus Zamoskvorechye." But pretty soon they were replaced by plays that completely supplanted the epic genres.
The first work of Ostrovsky - "Familypicture ", first read by the author at the evening at S. Shevyrev. However, the notoriety brings "Bancrut", later renamed "His people - we will be counted!" The reaction to the play was instant. Censorship immediately banned her (written in 1849, came on the scene only in 1861), and V.Odoevsky put on a par with the "Nedoroslem", "Woe from Wit" and "Auditor". For several years the work was successfully read in circles and at literary evenings, providing the young author with universal recognition.
This is the time when Ostrovsky joined the "youngeditorial board "of the magazine, preaching the ideas of soil-making and having an interest in the merchant class. Representatives of the social class, not associated with serfdom and not cut off from the people, could become, in A. Grigoriev's opinion, a new force capable of influencing the development of Russia. By this period are only 3 works of Ostrovsky, one of which - "Poverty is not a vice."
The plot is based on the image of family relationshipsmerchant Tortsov. The imperious and despotic father, Gordey, plans to give the daughter, in love with a poor clerk, for a clever and rich Korshunov. This is a merchant of a new generation who will never miss his own. It is Lyubim who succeeds in convincing the self-denying brother - prone to drunkenness, not accumulating fortunes, but in all the following moral laws. As a result, the matter is solved safely for Lyuba, and the playwright affirms the victory of Russian folk culture and traditions over European ones.
Works of this period:"Profitable place", "In a strange feast hangover" and, of course, "Thunderstorm" - were the result of rethinking the role of patriarchal merchants in the life of the country. It no longer attracted the playwright, but increasingly acquired the features of tyranny and desperately tried to resist everything new and democratic (the result of the influence of raznochintsy from Contemporary). Most clearly, this "dark kingdom" was shown in the only tragedy of the playwright "The Storm". Here there are young people who do not want to put up with the Domostroy laws.
Analyzing the works created in the 40-50s, A. Grigoriev called A. N. Ostrovsky a true “people's poet”, which emphasized the scale of the paintings he depicted.
For 25 years after the reform, the playwright wrote bright works, varied in genre and subject. They can be combined into several groups.
The play “The Snow Maiden” stands apart.
The works of the last decades acquire tragic, philosophical and psychological features and are distinguished by artistic perfection and realistic approach to the image.
Centuries pass, but the works of OstrovskyAlexander Nikolayevich is still gathering headquarters on the main stages of the country, confirming I. Goncharov’s phrase: “... after you we ... we can proudly say: we have our own Russian national theater”. "Poor Bride" and "Do not sit in your sleigh", "Balzaminov's Marriage" and "Heart is not a stone", "There was not a penny, but suddenly Altyn" and "Every wise man is quite simple" ... The names of Ostrovsky’s plays can be continued for a long time. Thanks to the skill of the playwright, a special world has come to life on the scene, filled with problems that will always excite humanity.
