Nowadays such words asjournalistic investigation, interview, briefing ... What is their meaning and where are they used? What is an interview, why and how to conduct it? We will try to answer these questions in the article.
An interview (from an English interview, “conversation”, “business meeting”) is a way of conducting a conversation, conversations that occur between 2 or more people.
Interviewing usually involvesthe presence of two parties: the interviewer, whose main task is to ask questions, and the interlocutor (s), who provide the answers to them. Depending on the circumstances in which the interview is taken, it can be recorded on a video camera or microphone, conducted as a usual deliberate conversation, broadcast live.
In today's world, interview plays a big role inactive social life. It is used as a method of research, analysis in many public spheres (this includes journalism and communication, demography and sociology, advertising and marketing). Often employers resort to interviews when interviewing a new employee. That is why so many people are interested in what an interview is.
At the moment in the world there are several basic types of interviews.
The first, which is the most common andoften used is a simple conversation. In this case, the interviewer's main task is to correctly structure the conversation: the questions asked should be presented in a clear, easy-to-understand form. The essence of the conversation is to get as much information as possible.
The next type of interview iscalled monologue. Its essence is that the interviewer sets out in his own words the essence of the conversation held with the interviewee. At the same time, the person who was interviewed of this kind remains “behind the scenes”. As in the past case, the fundamental factor is the correct alignment of the conversation.
The third kind is called dialogue.In this case, the journalist talks, as a rule, with several people. The conversation, unlike other varieties, is more profound, where subsequent questions usually flow from previous ones. It should be noted that the journalist may not be present during the conversation. In this case, the interview is a discussion of the interviewees.
The fourth variation is the assignmentgiven to a group of interviewers. As a rule, this is a briefing (a short press conference, which is mainly informative), a statement for the press, various kinds of press conferences, etc. At the same time, the journalist in some way records what is happening, then processes the information received by adding his own comments to it, taking into account the specifics of the media he represents.
Fifth - collective dialogue, or, how elsecalled - "round table". This format is quite difficult for the reason that for productive work the interviewer needs to direct the conversation in the right direction so that it is presented to those around them truly businesslike and relevant.
This type of interview also includes“Hot line”, in which the conversation is conducted with the “guests” of the studio, radio and television programs, the editors of a newspaper, etc. Spectators also have the opportunity to call on the air on special numbers for this purpose (if the conversation is on the radio or on television). As a rule, this is an interview with stars and celebrities.
It's time to talk about the main thing. As we said above, this method of conversation is used by people from completely different spheres of public life: from bloggers and journalists to advertisers and businessmen.
Whatever the conversation with the interlocutor was conducted,the main thing in this kind of case is, firstly, to prepare for it, secondly, to conduct an interview directly, and thirdly, to process all the material received. Let's approach individually to each item.
The first step is to determine the purpose for which such a conversation is being conducted. If a person as accurately as possible sets himself a certain task, then he can assume that success is assured.
Moreover, a well thought out interview willa kind of "magnet": if it is interesting and attractive to people, then they themselves can take the initiative, which will be a huge plus in the work of the interviewer.
In order to properly set a goal for the interview, you must answer the following questions:
If the interviewer cannot answer these questions, then whatever the method of conversation he uses, the result is unlikely to be interesting and productive.
A huge plus in the work will be the warning of the interlocutor about the upcoming interview. A person (and the interviewer himself) will simply be able to prepare well for this event.
It is also necessary to have in advance information about the object of conversation. In this case, the interviewer will be able to maintain the conversation, as well as clearly formulate his questions.
It may seem surprising, but greeting is almost the most important component of any interview. After all, the impression of a person is laid from the very first seconds of communication with him.
It depends on many factors: the level of acquaintance of the interviewer with the person, the social status of the interlocutor, etc. Greet the person as follows:
After the greeting, it is necessary to “melt the ice” incommunicating. To do this, you can ask a few simple questions about the person himself: ask about his hobbies and hobbies, talk about pets. Then you can move on to more serious questions, for the purpose of which the interview is being conducted.
Do not forget that the dialogue must be alive. The essence of the interview is that it should be a communication of two or more people.
Quite often there are situations when interlocutorsthey are initiative and active, their answers are interesting and rich, and the conversation itself is rather boring. This is due to the fact that there was simply no connection between the journalist and the people with whom he spoke.
This link can only be created whenthe conversation is not a questionnaire or a set of questions. Do not worry about the fact that the interviewer, if he does not plan questions for the conversation in advance, will not be able to conduct their work properly. Each person must have an individual contact. In this case, new questions will appear by themselves.
You must complete the conversation in the previously agreedtime (whether it is an interview with the stars or with passers-by). In no case should the interviewer delay his interlocutor, unless he himself expresses a desire. The main thing is that the conversation should leave a pleasant impression on the person.
After the received material must be properly processed, bring in a convenient form for the audience. This can be done by the interviewer himself or by other specialists (for example, the editors).
We hope that the article was useful for you. We revealed such questions: “What is an interview? Conduct an interview.
