Universal turning screw cutter 16К20was designed to replace the aging 1K62. His release began in 1973 at the factory "Red Proletarian" in Moscow. As follows from the notation, the machine had a distance between the spindle axis and the guides on the bed of 200 mm.
The output of the machine was huge and it quicklybecame the main metal-cutting equipment in the enterprises of the USSR. To meet the demand, the production of a number of nodes was carried out by an additional plant in Gomel. After the liquidation of the main factory "Red Proletarian" there was transferred all the remaining equipment. At present, the Gomel plant produces the GS526U machine, which is a deeply modernized 16K20.
The scope of application of the machine is very wide and includesIn itself various turning works and cutting of a carving on details. The technical characteristics of the 16K20 lathe made it possible to use it for single and large-scale production of parts.
The basis of the machine is a box-bed,installed on a monolithic base. Due to its shape, this design has high rigidity rates, which is very important for machine tools. The material for the base and the base is high-strength cast iron. On the basis there are equipment attachment points to the foundation or floor.
At the base are the main motormachine and tray for collecting chips and spent coolant (coolant). An additional electric motor was installed on the right side of the bed for the rapid movement of the caliper, which made it possible to improve the technical characteristics of 16K20. On the top of the bed there are polished guides, along which the apron and the tailstock move.
The machine is equipped with a steel fixed protective shield installed behind the bed. In addition, there is a separate transparent shield on the support of the machine. This shield is fixed movably and can fold back.
When designing the machine, attention was paid toreduce the number of manipulations when setting cutting modes. To do this, all the tuning tables and handles for selecting the rotation and feed speeds are compactly placed on the front of the headstock. To quickly move the tailstock, a so-called “airbag” can be used - compressed air supply (from the factory line) between the bed and the headstock guides. Thanks to these and a number of other improvements, we were able to improve the basic technical characteristics of the 16K20.
The electrical equipment of the machine is placed in a separate control panel mounted on the back wall of the headstock.
High technical characteristics of the machine 16К20are provided with a powerful main drive motor. The motor develops power up to 10 kW at a shaft rotation speed of 1600 rpm. By special order, an even more resourceful engine was installed - up to 2000 revolutions.
From the main engine rotation is transmittedbelt drive on the main shaft of the gearbox. To ensure the technical characteristics of the 16K20 shaft is equipped with a multi-disc double-end clutch. This device provides reversive operation of the machine. On two additional shafts of the box there are gear units. By switching these blocks, the machine gets 12 basic spindle speeds - six high and six low.
To expand the scope of application and more completeimplementation of the technical characteristics of 16K20 gearbox has a so-called re-selection group of gears. Busting allows you to get another 12 additional speeds - six of them will be with a deceleration of eight times and six - 32 times. Total box has 24 speeds and allows you to change the spindle speed in the range of 12.5-1600 revolutions. When reversing the machine, the re-selection group is not used.
Despite the emergence of more accurate andfunctional equipment, the machine is widely used in our time in many engineering enterprises. In terms of the price-processing accuracy ratio, the 16K20 is in a very advantageous position. The equipment is extremely unpretentious, maintenance is not expensive.
One of the big drawbacks of the 16K20 was the unreliability of electricians. Therefore, it is preferable to use machines after a major overhaul with the replacement of all unreliable components and components.
