The Rumyantsev Museum in Moscow is a museum thatpossessed a huge collection of books, coins, manuscripts, ethnographic collections and historical documents. The Kunstkammer originally originated as private. The collection was collected during his lifetime Nikolai Petrovich Rumyantsev. For a long time this was the only museum in Moscow, which had a public status. What is the history of this amazing object? What collections did he have? What's left of him after the October Revolution? In what historical buildings was it located? This and many other things will be discussed in our article.
Let's start from the very beginning.Rumyantsev Nikolai Petrovich all his life was fond of art, nature and history of Russia. For a long time he collected books and manuscripts on history, studied rituals of peoples, was engaged in the publication of chronicles of ancient Russian cities, assisted in organizing a round-the-world expedition. This all made it possible to collect an extensive collection of the private museum of the Rumyantsev family. But, his main interest was in manuscripts, so the largest collection in his collection was a library, in which there were about 28 thousand volumes. Manuscripts and books were acquired in Russia and Europe. Sometimes, whole private libraries were bought, for example, the library of Lerberg. After the death of NP Rumiantsev, the collection passed by will to his brother. In 1826 the entire library and collection of the Rumyantsevs' house was transferred to the state.
March 22, 1828 by the decree of Emperor Nicholas I the Rumyantsev Museum was established.
The Rumyantsev Museum was opened in 1831 in the family mansion of the Rumyantsevs in St. Petersburg. To protect him from collapse, since almost no one visited him, a decision was made to transfer him.
In 1861 the museum was transferred to Moscow, where hewas located in Pashkov's house. In Moscow it was merged with the Moscow Public Museum. The business of the museum was occupied by Isakov Nikolay Vladimirovich. It was at this time that his collection began to replenish rapidly: paintings were purchased Bryullov, Bremen, Levitsky, Vilmeer, engravings and books from the Hermitage, a table-top made of malachite and other works of the Ural masters.
For visitors the museum was opened in a yearafter the transfer. He became very popular both among the people and the emperor. Alexander the Second, very much loved him and became his patron, it was he who acquired valuable paintings, such as "Artaxerxes, Aman and Esther", "The Appearance of Christ to the People" and many others.
The newly formed museum consisted of three departments: engraving, Dashkovsky and picturesque. The library, which was part of it, received the status of a public one.
Before the Revolution, the Rumyantsev Museum in MoscowHe constantly replenished his collections at the expense of patronage support. For example, Soldatenkov gave money for the purchase of books, and bequeathed his personal library, and a collection of paintings of Russian painters, sculptures.
Prince Dolgoruky, replenished the collection with precious stones, products of precious metals.
All exhibits could be seen by ordinary people, heworked daily, and on Sunday the visit was generally free. So, it turned into folk. On the old photos of the Rumyantsev Museum in Moscow you can see what the halls looked like at the time, which exhibits were stored there.
Soon, numerous exhibits were not placed in Pashkov’s house, it was decided to transfer the collections to another building.
In 1863, the first reading room was opened in the library of the museum, with a capacity of 20 seats, in 1870 a new reading hall with 80 seats was opened, which was later expanded to 120 seats.
In 1913, the Rumyantsev Museum was renamed the Imperial Moscow and Rumyantsev Museum.
In 1915, the reconstruction was madethe central part of the house and an open reading room, with a capacity of 300 seats. The hall occupied the space of the second and third floors. During the years of Soviet power, it became the main reading room in the Lenin Library.
The museum fund, as of 1917, numbered about 1 million 200 thousand exhibits.
The main collection of the Rumyantsev Museum in Moscow consisted of exhibits of the private collection of this family, but after the museum was transferred to the capital, the exhibits were purchased at the expense of patrons.
В 1864 году на средства, пожертвованные Кошелевым AI, acquired the collection of SD Poltoratsky, a researcher and bibliographer. It is more than 22 thousand volumes of literature of 17-19 centuries, valuable books, manuscripts, old printed editions, engravings, and so on.
In 1868, Poltoratsky himself handed over to the museum his own notes to the Empress Catherine the Second and a fragment of a note to Peter the Great.
In 1880, relatives of the poet Pushkin A.S. handed over his manuscript.
In 1898, Tolstaya S.A. gave the museum part of the manuscripts of Tolstoy L.N.
Many critics, writers, writers, philosophers transferred their books and manuscripts to the library: Florensky, PA, Shaginyan, MS, Vernadsky, VI, Got'e, Yu.V., Klyuchevsky, V.O. and many others.
Emperor Alexander I acquired several famous paintings by Alexander Ivanov, a unique bowl made of black jasper and many other exhibits of the Hermitage.
In 1917, the museum was renamed the State Rumyantsev Museum.
In 1924, the library and the Pashkov building weretransferred to the Lenin Library. The museum was disbanded. The collection of books remained in the Lenin Library, art canvases of European painters were transferred to the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, the work of domestic painters to the Tretyakov Gallery, and the Dashkovsky department’s exhibits were replenished with collections of the Museum of Peoples. Historical furniture was stolen, only 11 exhibits got into the furniture museum. Relocation of the exhibits continued until the 30s of the 20th century, the last to leave the picture gallery of the Rumyantsev Museum is the painting of Alexander Ivanov.
Unfortunately, some works wereforever lost to the society and the historical heritage of the country. Part of the furniture was stolen and did not get into the museum collection. The marble table and chairs, the bust of Spinoza and the candelabra were lost. It was barbarously cut from the frame and stolen Rembrandt canvas. True, a few years later he was found, restored and sold abroad. Currently, the picture is in America in the Hyde Museum.
In 1988, a large-scale reconstruction began.building, but in the 90s came a very dark period for the house Pashkov. The roof began to leak, windows were broken. The building was in very poor condition.
But, in the end, there was money for its reconstruction, and in 2007, the Pashkov House opened its doors to visitors.
It should be noted that the building is historical.It was built in 1788, according to the design of the architect V. Bazhenov. The building is located next to the Kremlin in the historical center of the capital. The house has a very interesting history, it has repeatedly changed owners, but the most significant event in its history is the placement of the Rumyantsev Museum within its walls.
Now in Pashkov's house are located:
Every Sunday, in the Pashkov House, general and thematic excursions are held, where everyone can get acquainted with the house, with the history of the Rumyantsev Museum.
Here you can see the famous vase, presentedAlexander the Second Museum, the majestic hall - reading room of the library. Currently, exhibitions are organized here devoted to the Rumyantsev Museum of Moscow. Here is a total dictation.
From the balcony of the Great Hall of the library offers a magnificent panoramic view of the capital.
In a small room on the third floor of the building, visitors can see a sculpture by EI Beklemisheva. "Salome". Immediately, on the third floor, there is the sculptural work by the Manya Pietro “The Reading Girl”.
The house has preserved cast iron stairs, located in the outbuildings.
But the main treasure of the house are manuscripts and books. The program of excursions includes visits to three departments: manuscripts, cartographic publications and sound recordings and notes.
The attraction of the Pashkov House is the Great Reading Room.
The RSL (Rumyantsev Museum) in Moscow, address: Znamenka Street, Building 1.
The Russian State Library is open from Monday to Saturday from 9:00 to 20:00, on Sunday - an official holiday. The library and reading rooms can be accessed only by appointment.
The exhibition hall of the RSL (Rumyantsev Museum) in Moscow, opening hours: the exhibition hall, the Ivanovo Hall, the Book Museum are open all days of the week, except Mondays, from 9:00 to 18:00.
Record on excursions and exhibition halls - preliminary.
Pashkov House (Rumyantsev Museum) in Moscow - howget to him? It is located in the central area of the capital. You can take the subway to the station "Borovitskaya", from the station to the Pashkov House about 100 meters.
Nowadays, few know the story of fate.Rumyantsev Museum, which was at one time the best and most interesting museum in the country. Fortunately, most of the exhibits were preserved by moving them to other galleries and exhibitions.
The Rumyantsev Museum has preserved its rich heritage:the estate of the Rumyantsev family in St. Petersburg, Pashkov House, the largest library in the world. From a fascination with history and nature, the Rumyantsev case turned into a national heritage and treasure, which anyone can touch today.
