The Caspian Sea is the largest lake on Earth.It is washed by the banks of five states. They are Russia, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan and Iran. It is called a lake, because the reservoir is not connected with the world ocean. But the composition of the water, the history of origin and size of the Caspian Sea.
The large ports of the Caspian Sea are majestic.One of them, Baku, is the capital of Azerbaijan. It is located on the western shore of the Caspian Sea. The city of Baku has become the largest center of extraction of black gold and gas since the end of the XIX century. In addition to the oil industry, weaving, as well as the production of tobacco, developed here. In the middle of the last century, the Azerbaijani capital began to increase the pace of machine building, metalworking industry, as well as the production of building materials.
At present, Baku is aThe largest scientific, technical and industrial center in the entire Transcaucasus. Since the beginning of the current century, the military industry and high information technologies have begun to develop in the capital of Azerbaijan with great success. In addition to the fact that Baku is the largest port of the Caspian Sea, the city is also the main railway junction. Most of all cargo turnover falls on the seaport. From the airport every day international flights are made. The railways were conducted to Iran, Russia and Georgia. And inside the capital itself there are all kinds of public transport.
In Iran, on the Caspian coast,the port city of Chalus, through which flows the river of the same name, flowing into the sea. The climate in this region is mostly moderate and humid. Port Chalus is a famous summer resort. On it there are places for rest, hotels, and also a funicular, thanks to which it is possible to view from the mountainous heights the surroundings - forest parks, waterfalls, woodlands, coast. In the warmer months of the year, everything is covered with flowers, and in the autumn - the yellowed-out crown of forests. In the winter season, the mountain slopes are shrouded in snow. In addition to the beaches working in the summer, there is a ski resort in Chalus, which is known for its mountaineering bases.
Another major Iranian port of the Caspian Sea -Bender-Enzeli. The uniqueness of this city lies in the fact that it is surrounded on almost all sides by the sea. And only one part of it borders on the land. Most of the inhabitants of this port are engaged in fishing, agriculture and artisanal industry. Thanks to the warm and humid climate, it is possible to cultivate rice and silkworm. Since fishing is developed in the city, weaving the nets for catching fish also takes an honorable place. Bender-Enzeli is one of the most important shipbuilding centers in Iran. In addition, there are enterprises for processing rice, tobacco, oil and wood.
On the eastern shore of the Caspianthe Kazakh port of the Caspian Sea - Aktau. This city is the only one in the country that deals with international transportation of black gold and products from it. The main economic sector of Aktau is the petrochemical industry. Here is located the largest in Kazakhstan plant for the production of plastics, as well as nitrogen-fertilizer, sulfuric acid, chemical-hydrometallurgical enterprises.
Besides them, in Aktau develops and foodindustry. On the territory there is a nuclear power plant. However, uranium mining and the nuclear reactor stopped operating in the 1990s. But the city was able to continue its development thanks to the oil and gas industry.
Also on the eastern coast of the Caspianthe city of Turkmenistan - Turkmenbashi. This port of the Caspian Sea is a major center of the republic's oil refining industry. The plants produce polypropylene, diesel and universal oils. In Turkmenbashi, sea transport is basically a ferry terminal. The ferry to the city of Baku constantly works here. In addition, there are railway junctions and an airport.
On the territory of the sea international portshipbuilding and repair plants have been built to expand opportunities in the oil industry. Recently, the passenger station started its work in this city. Speaking about seaports of the Caspian Sea, it can be clarified that this is one of the main.
