What is a republic

Very often the theme of our everyday conversations andpublic debate becomes politics. It is with political upheavals in the country and in the rest of the world that we usually associate our own well-being, personal perspectives, the future of our children. In such a situation it is extremely important to understand at least the initial foundations of political terminology. What is the republic, monarchy, democracy, dictatorship? Today it is very popular to appeal to the democratic nature of the government. In turn, politicians themselves often declare their own liberal views. Let's try to understand.

Historical digression

The term "democracy" comes from two Greek words

ancient period: "demos" and "kratos".Literally - "people" and "power." Thus, the democracy of the Greek polis assumed that the bearer of the highest form of power is all the full-fledged population of the city. And the government ranks were elected by a general vote. Having understood this concept, it will be easier for us to understand what a republic is.

Later the banner of the advanced culture center among the Greeksintercepted by the Latins. They became heirs of ancient civilization, borrowing many elements of culture. But at the same time, they introduced a lot of new things into it, having built a grandiose Roman civilization. It was the Romans who first gave the world the notion of what a republic is. Translated from Latin, "res" - "business", "publicus" - "common." Thus, the republic is literally a "common, people's cause". It is closely connected with democracy and has basically the same principles, according to which the people choose the government. However, this form was forgotten for many centuries, when medieval state military leaders eventually turned into kings. The form of government that has established itself in these countries is usually called monarchical. The basis of such a state is the presence of the monarch himself. For a long time in Europe ruled the roost absolute monarchy where the king's authority was indisputable external control in any matter and

internal policy of the country.And the state's interest was directly connected with the interest of the royal dynasty. History knows many examples of wars, caused by personal insults of high-ranking individuals. However, the time was passing, and the Renaissance, the elevated humanism and the value of the human person, led to the development of the corresponding ideas of Voltaire, Locke, Rousseau and other philosophers. The popular masses really remembered what a republic is, during the French Revolution of 1789. For the first time since antiquity, non-aristocratic classes have declared to the nobles that they also have the right to be called people and to decide the fate of the country. Understanding what a republic is, was formed by the world-famous slogans: "Freedom! Equality! Brotherhood!"

Nowadays

However, today many social processeshave become more complicated. What are the present republics? Kazakhstan, for example, has the same declared form of government. In modern conditions, this means the selectivity of the people of all authorities at all levels. The division of the branches of power into executive branches,

legislative and naval.This is done to ensure the independence of state structures from each other. Thus, the people themselves become the highest bearer of power, and the elected person is only the executor of his will expressed in the elections. In addition, the republican system presupposes the supremacy of the Constitution - the most important law regulating the main points in the organization of the state. That is, the law of the Republic of Kazakhstan is subject to strict execution by any resident of the country, regardless of the position.