The Russian language is one of the most complex in the world.A rich lexical fund, a complex morphological system and syntax - all this significantly complicates the life of people who study it. Quite a lot of material is devoted to the vocabulary and phraseology of the language, so let's pay a little attention to categories such as the noun - the nominal and proper, and also such categories as the genus of nouns.
In Russian, two large groups are distinguished: proper and common names.
So, let's start, perhaps, with a simpler one.Let's look at the common noun. To this class belong almost all nouns, which denote objects and concepts. They do not exist in one copy, there are many of them. For example, a cup, a chair, a door, a sky. These concepts only denote some objects.
As for the second group,nouns, which denote certain concepts and objects existing in one instance. It can be the names of people, a variety of animal names, as well as the names of newspapers, magazines, various astronomical, geographical realities. If the noun noun is always written with a small letter, then its own - with a large. It is also worth noting that, unlike the common nouns, the proper name is used only in the singular. This is one of the golden rules of the Russian language.
The study of their own names deals with such a science as onomastics. It is she who distinguishes classes and subclasses of proper names, describes their functions in Russian.
It is worth noting that the nouna common noun can be transferred to a proper name. For example, the newspaper "Star", the store "Yagodka." At the same time, any proper name can pass into a common noun. For example, the physical magnitude of volts taught its name from the name of the famous physicist Volta, as it happened with the names of weapons, such as Colt, Maxim, Mauser, which originated from the names of people who invented them.
Another important thing is the genus of namesof nouns. Usually nouns are divided into three groups: female (shovel, woman, pan), male (horse, table, neighbor) and middle (sea, sky, star) genus. Also, another group of nouns is identified, which belong to a particular common genus. These include those words that serve for the names of persons of both feminine and masculine gender. For example, a crybaby, an orphan, a touchy fellow.
The genus of nouns is defined only insingular. It should be noted that nouns that do not have a singular number do not have categories of the genus. This is very important to remember, especially to schoolchildren.
It is also worth noting that the genus of nouns is determined at the end or by rules, if these are words of foreign origin.
Ability to distinguish a noun nominal nounfrom its own, to determine its genus - one of the most important in the Russian language. Only a competent person who knows the rules of the Russian language can correctly draw up documents, beautifully and clearly express themselves, avoiding insulting and stupid mistakes, such as "black coffee".
