Living matter is a slendera multilevel system in which each subsequent link is manifested by the complication of the structure and functions of the previous levels. Especially significant are metabolic processes occurring in cellular organelles, for example, in the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes. Both cytology and molecular biology consider them. It is a science that studies the role of mitochondria in metabolism.
We will dwell on the features of molecular andcellular nature of the organization. They are the basis for more complex levels. Also we will find out how the processes of synthesis and splitting take place in the cell. Next, determine which organelles are responsible for catabolic reactions. The answers to these questions will be given by molecular biology, a science that studies the role of mitochondria in metabolism.
Living organisms exist due toin their tissues, organs and cells of nutrients. Under the action of enzymes they are cleaved in special organoids - mitochondria, present in all eukaryotic cells. At the same time, energy is released, some of which is dissipated in the form of heat, and the remaining portion passes into the form of ATP or NADPH molecules. It is spent on growth, movement, reproduction, etc. Biological science, which studies the role of mitochondria in metabolism, has proved their importance in the synthesis of energy.
Externally, the organelles are similar to disks, sticks, orthreads. These are, for example, in myofibrils or cells of protozoa: ciliates, flagellates. The organoid consists of two membranes, the inner part contains a matrix and folds-cristae with ATP-soms, including an enzymatic complex. He is responsible for the synthesis of molecules of adenosine triphosphate. Molecular biology - a science that studies the role of mitochondria in metabolism, found that primary reactions occur in the matrix, and the direct formation of ATP occurs on the crystals of the organelles.
To synthesize energy, it is necessary to transfer the ions H+ from the external, positively charged surface of the organoid, on the folds of the inner membrane, carrying negative charges. This process catalyzes the molecules of the enzyme system H+- ATPase, through the membrane channels of which andthe cations of hydrogen move. They cause the oxidative phosphorylation reaction. This is the addition of phosphate acid to ADP, which leads to the formation of ATP molecules, the main energy substance of the cells. The science that studies the role of mitochondria in metabolism is molecular biology. She experimentally confirmed the main importance of these organelles in metabolism and energy in cells.
