Potassium permanganate: basic chemical properties and reactions

Potassium permanganate in Latin is called Kaliipermanganas. In the world, it is simply potassium permanganate — a potassium salt in the reaction of manganese acid. Letter designation KMnO. In contact with organic matter, it forms albumin, in body sensations, this reaction is transmitted by a sensation of burning, knitting, local irritation, while having a healing effect and the property of deodorant and antidote.

Potassium permanganate is obtained byelectrochemical oxidation of manganese compounds or changes in their proportions. Here are some of the potassium permanganate reactions commonly used in industry and pharmacology:

2MnO2 +3 Cl2 + 8KOH → 2KMnO4 + 6KCl + 4H2O

2K2MnO4 + 2H2O → 2KMnO4 + H2 + 2KOH.

Here, as we see, manganese, being oxidized,interacts with chlorine salts and potassium molecules. The second reaction is widely used in industry, since potassium permanganate is produced by it endothermically during the electrolysis of the concentrate.

Physical properties of potassium permanganate

В науке это соединение иначе называют potassium permanganate, which is a granular crystals of rhombic shape and dark purple color. In the form of crystals, potassium permanganate decomposes at a heating temperature of 240 ° C and higher, forming oxygen evolution. This is demonstrated by the following reaction:

2KMnO4 = K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2.

The density of the substance is 2.703 g / cm.cube, the molar mass of potassium permanganate is 158.03 g / mol. The solubility of the compound in water depends on the degree of concentration, as well as on the temperature of the water (data are presented in table 1).

Table 1. The solubility of potassium permanganate at different temperatures

Depending on the number of crystals,added to water of different temperatures, each solution will have its own shade - from a weak, soft crimson at a low concentration to purple-violet - at a large. Other solvents of potassium permanganate crystals are acetone, ammonia and methyl alcohol.

Chemical properties of potassium permanganate

Вещество "перманганат калия" является довольно strong oxidizing agent. Depending on the pH environment, it acts on different types of substances, recovering in the equation to manganese compounds of various oxidation states. For example, in an acidic medium - II, in an alkaline one - up to VI, in a neutral environment, respectively - up to IV.

Use of potassium permanganate

In modern laboratory productionPotassium permanganate is distributed in organic synthesis as an oxidizing agent. In alkaline solution is an effective detergent and degreasing agent. Popular and universal application of 0.1% solution in medicine in the treatment of burns, rinses, disinfection, removal of toxins. Some pharmacies do not release this substance, since it is listed as explosive by the order of the Ministry. But you can get potassium permanganate in gardening shops, where it is sold in the form of fertilizer.