With the invention, without which it is difficult todayto represent the general literacy of the population, is a printing press. Undoubtedly, this machine has changed the world for the better. But when did it appear in our everyday life and what is its history?
Today, the scientific world is of the opinion thatThe first printing press was built by German businessman Johann Guttenberg. However, there are reliable facts that similar devices were used by people and much earlier. Still the inhabitants of ancient Babylon put on the clay of the seal with the help of paint and a stamp. In the first century AD, fabrics decorated with ornaments were common in Asia and Europe. In the times of ancient culture, stamps were put on papyrus, and the Chinese had a paper on which prayers were printed using wooden templates, as early as the second century AD.
In Europe, the publication of books was the lot of monasteries.At first they corresponded by monks by hand. Then they made a page template and stamped it, but this process was a long one, and a new model was needed for the new book.
Almost immediately, the carved boards replacedletters made of metal, which were applied with oil-based ink using a press. It is believed that the reception of loose font was first used by Gutenberg (1436). It is his signature that adorns the most ancient printing press. However, the French and the Dutch are contesting this fact, arguing that such an important machine was invented by their compatriots.
So, to the question of who invented the printedthe machine, most of our contemporaries will answer that it was Johann Guttenberg. He was born in Mainz in a family from the old noble family of Gonzfleishey. For certain it is not known why he left his native city, took up his trade and took the name of his mother. However, in Strasbourg he accomplished the main invention of the century.
How is its printing machine, Gutenbergconcealed. However, today it can be argued that in the beginning it was wooden. There is news that his first font existed in the sixteenth century. Each letter had a hole in which the rope, connecting the typed lines, was passed. But the tree is not good enough material for such a thing. The letters eventually swelled or dried, making the printed text uneven. Therefore, Gutenberg began to cut out a stamp of lead or tin, and then cast the letters - it turned out much easier and faster. The printing press actually acquired its modern look.
The typing machine worked like this:Initially produced in mirror form. Hitting a hammer on them, the master received prints on a copper plate. Thus, the necessary number of letters that were used repeatedly was made. Then from them put words and lines. The first products of Guttenberg were Donat grammar (thirteen editions) and calendars. Having been involved, he ventured on a more complicated matter: the first printed Bible had 1,286 pages and 3,400,000 characters. The publication was colorful, with pictures, and the capital letters were drawn by artists by hand.
The Gutenberg case continued. In Russia such a machine appeared in 1563, when on the orders of Ivan the Terrible Fedorov built his car.
