"Mtsyri" is Lermontov's lyrical poem.It was written in 1839 and published a year later in a collection entitled "Poems by M. Lermontov." One of Mikhail Yurievich's contemporaries - a critic V. Belinsky - wrote that this work reflects the "beloved ideal of our poet". About one of the beautiful examples of classical romantic Russian poetry - the poem "Mtsyri" - will be told in this article.
"Mtsyri" is a work written under theimpression of life in the Caucasus. The prototype of the plot of the poem was the story of the life of the mountain people, heard by Lermontov in 1837, during the first exile. Mikhail Yurievich, traveling on the Military-Georgian road, met in Mtskheta with a lonely monk. He told him the story of his life. The priest, as a child, was captured by a Russian general and left in a local monastery, where he spent his whole life, despite yearning for the Motherland.
Some elements of Georgian folklore coulduse in his work M.Yu. Lermontov. The "Mtsyri" poem in its plot contains a central episode in which the hero fights with a leopard. In folk Georgian poetry, there is a theme of the struggle of a young man and a tiger, reflected in another famous poem - "The Knight in the Panther's Skin" by Sh. Rustaveli.
In the translation from the Georgian language "mtsyri" is"Non-servant monk", "novice." This word has a second meaning: "chuzhemets", "alien from foreign lands". As we see, Lermontov chose the most suitable name for his poem. It is interesting that initially Mikhail Yurievich called his poem "Bari", which in Georgian means "monk". The epigraph to the work has also undergone a change. First Lermontov used for him the phrase: "On n'a qu'une seule patrie" ("Everyone has only one fatherland"), but later the poet chose for the epigraph an excerpt from the 1st Book of Kings (Chapter 14): "Tasting tastes little honey, and I'm dying. " These words symbolize a violation of the natural course of things.
In the poem "Mtsyri", the content of which is knownMany Russian readers are told about the tragic fate of a Caucasian boy, captured and taken away by Russian General Ermolov from his native lands. On the way the child fell ill and was left in one of the local monasteries. Here the boy was forced to spend his life "away from sunlight." The child always missed the Caucasian expanses, strove back to the mountains. After a while he seemed to have got used to the constrained conditions of life in the monastery, learned a foreign language and was already preparing to be tonsured into monks. However, at the age of seventeen, the young man suddenly felt a strong emotional impulse, which made him suddenly leave the monastery and escape to unknown lands. He felt free, the memory of his childhood returned to him. The guy remembered his native language, the faces of once close to him people. Intoxicated with fresh air and childhood memories, the young man spent three days in freedom. In this short time he saw everything that his captivity deprived. The guy admired the pictures of the Georgian mighty nature, a beautiful girl, gracefully filling the pitcher with water. He defeated the leopard in the leopard and realized the degree of his own strength and agility. For three days the young man lived a whole life filled with bright emotions and sensations. Found quite accidentally in the neighborhood of the monastery without a memory, the guy refused to eat, because he realized that the old life in captivity, he can not continue. The path to the rebellious heart of Mtsyri was found only by the old monk who baptized him. Confessing the youth, the elder learned about what the guy saw and felt during the three days of his failed escape.
A lot of works about life in the Caucasus have been writtenLermontov. The "Mtsyri" poem is one of them. The Caucasus is associated with the territory of boundless freedom and freedom, where a person has the opportunity to manifest himself in a battle with the elements, merge with nature and subordinate it to his own will, win a battle with himself.
The plot of the romantic poem is centered aroundfeelings and experiences of a lyrical hero - Mtsyri. The form of the work - confession - makes it possible to reveal the soulful face of a young man most truthfully and profoundly. The composition of the work is typical for this kind of poem - the hero is put in unusual circumstances, the confessional monologue occupies the main place, the inner state of a person is described, and not the external situation.
However, there are differences from the typical romanticworks. In the poem there is no inconsistency and understatement. Here the place of action is precisely indicated, the poet informs the reader of the circumstances that led the youth to the monastery. Mtsyri's excited speech contains a consistent and logical account of the events that happened to him.
The "Mtsyri" poem is not only psychologicallya reliable exposition of the inner experiences of the protagonist, but also a magnificent description of the Georgian nature. It is a picturesque background on which events unfold in the work, and also serves as a tool for characterizing Mtsyri. The reaction of the young man to a thunderstorm, when he "would embrace the storm with a storm," describes him as a man of unchecked and bold, ready for battle with the elements. The spiritual state of the hero on a quiet morning after a thunderstorm, his readiness to comprehend the secrets of "heaven and earth" characterizes the guy as a thin and sensitive person, able to see and understand the beautiful. Nature for Lermontov is a source of inner harmony. The monastery in the poem is a symbol of hostile reality, forcing a strong and extraordinary person to perish under the influence of unnecessary conventions.
The "Mtsyri" poem, whose characters are described in thisarticle, has several literary predecessors. A similar story, telling about the fate of a young monk, is described in the poem "Chernets" by I. Kozlov. Despite the similar content of these works different ideological component. In Lermontov's poem, the influence of the Decembrist literature and poetry of I.V. Goethe. "Mtsyri" bears in itself the motives that already appeared in the poet's early works: Boyarin Orsha and Confession.
Lermontov's contemporaries noticed the similarity of "Mtsyri"with the "Chignon Prisoner" Byron, translated into Russian Zhukovsky. However, the hero of an English poet hates society and wants to remain alone, while Mtsyri seeks people.
The most flattering reviews were received from critics M.Lermontov. "Mtsyri" subdued literary critics not only with ideological content, but also with a form of presentation. Belinsky noted that the four-legged iambic with the male rhyme with which the work is written "sounds and falls abruptly like a sword strike," and this verse is in harmony with the "unshakable power of a mighty nature and the tragic position of the hero of the poem."
Lermontov's contemporaries remember with delightreading "Mtsyri" by the author himself. A.N. Muravyov in "Getting to know Russian poets" described the strong impression that he received from Mikhail Yurievich's reading of this poem in Tsarskoe Selo.
"Mtsyri" is the best poem by M.Yu. Lermontov.In it, the poet demonstrated his poetic skill and expressed ideas that were close to his rebellious nature. The passion and strength with which Mikhail Yurievich described the suffering of a young man capable of great achievements, but forced to vegetate in the silence of the monastery walls, undoubtedly express the inner feelings of the author himself. Each of us can now reread the "Mtsyri", imbued with the power and beauty of this amazing work and ... touch the beautiful.
