Before offering the reader's analysisTyutchev's poem "Leaves", let us say a few words about the aesthetic views of the poet. Fedor Ivanovich was a follower of the German idealist philosopher Schelling, who understood nature as a natural unity of opposites. This concept has found many admirers among young romantic poets, not only in Europe, but also in our homeland. To what extent the world outlook of the poet is reflected in his immortal creations, will help evaluate the analysis of Tyutchev's lyric poem "Leaves".
Tyutchev went to Germany as a diplomat in1821, there he met his idols - Schelling and Heine, married Eleanor Peterson and continued to write poetry, which he was fascinated with adolescence. From abroad, the poet sent at the insistence of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin lyrical works in Russia and gained some fame here. Among the creations of this period was Tyutchev's poem "Leaves". After Pushkin's death, Fedor Ivanovich's lyrics were no longer published in Russia. N. Nekrasov in his article "Russian Secondary Poets" resolutely stated that he attributed the gift of the writer to the primary poetic talents, which by chance happened to be little known to the Russian reader, and put Tiutchev on a par with the glorified Russian poets Pushkin and Lermontov.
Plan for the analysis of Tyutchev's poem "Leaves"seems to us as follows: determine the theme and idea of the work. We estimate the composition. We consider artistic techniques and means of figurative expressiveness, we sum up.
Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev called Fedor Tyutcheva poet of thought, merged with feeling. He stressed one more feature of the poet's poetry: the psychological accuracy of his lyrics and passion as its main motive. In the poem "Leaves" Tyutchev analyzes the spiritual movements associated with a picture of a fading nature. The composition is based on parallelism: the external world (landscape) and the inner sphere of human aspirations are juxtaposed. Obviously, the theme of the poem is the juxtaposition of violent and vivid feelings to cold tranquility. How is this done?
In the first stanza of the poem in front of usthere is a picture of immobile, as if frozen in everlasting peace coniferous evergreen trees. In the second stanza, in contrast to the winter stillness, a sketch of a bright short summer appears. The poet uses the method of personification: it comes from the face of leaves on deciduous trees. The third stanza represents the autumn season of slow cooling and extinction of nature. The fourth stanza is imbued with a passionate entreaty: the leaves ask the wind to rip and carry them with them to avoid withering and death.
Autumn landscape, when you can watch the swirlingin the wind, foliage, the poet turns into an emotional monologue, imbued with the philosophical idea that slow invisible decay, destruction, death without courageous and daring take-off is unacceptable, terrible, deeply tragic. Let's see, with the help of what artistic means the poet does it.
Tyutchev expressly uses the antithesis.Pines and spruce appear in a state of winter dead hibernation even in the summer, since they are not subject to any changes. Their "lean greens" (let's pay attention to the epithet!) Is contrasted with juicy, sparkling summer sunshine and dew. The sensation of the soulless static nature of coniferous trees is enhanced by the emotional comparison of their needles with the hedgehogs. Greenery, which "does not turn yellow forever, but forever is not fresh," something akin to a lifeless mummy. In the author's view, conifers of the flora do not even grow, but "stick out", as if they are not fed through the roots of the earth's juice, but someone mechanically stuck them, like needles, into the ground. So the poet deprives them of even a hint of life and movement.
The first stanza showing an unsightly picturefrozen in the cold pines and spruce, contains only three verbs, used in the present tense. This emphasizes the static. The soundtrack of the first stanza is distinguished by the obsessive presence of whistling and hissing consonants. In the second stanza, which draws leaves in summer, there are twice as many verbs - six of them, and they are used in the present and past tense, which enhances the feeling of continuous movement, a brief but full of life. In contrast to the alliteration of hissing and whistling in the previous stanza, sonorous sounds predominate here: l-mr. It conveys the state of harmony, characteristic of an inspired and full-blooded life.
Analysis of Tyutchev's poem "Leaves" helpedunderstand that this is not only an elegant sample of landscape lyrics and a brilliant attempt to transform the picture of nature into emotional experiences. Before us - a capacious philosophical formula, according to which being and eternity only then make sense, when every moment is filled with fleeting, burning and quivering beauty.
