One of the most famous and powerful pistols,produced in the Russian Federation, is the pistol of Serdyukov (SPS, Gyurza, Vector). Today we will get acquainted with the history of the emergence and development of this model. We will find out what it is remarkable about, its basic characteristics, advantages and disadvantages.
История самозарядного пистолета Сердюкова (СПС) began with the development of a new pistol complex at the Klimovsk Scientific Research Institute. The pistol was supposed to surpass both domestic and foreign analogues in terms of service and operational parameters and combat parameters. The need to create a new model, which is radically different from those used in the army, special services and law enforcement agencies, the model of personal short-barreled weapons appeared in the 80's. The reason for this is simple - the introduction into the armed forces of several countries of personal protective equipment, which differ in class. Second-class bulletproof vests, for example, can stop a bullet from a TT gun when firing from close range.
But they did not actively use body armoronly power structures, but also terrorist organizations. The bulletproof vest protects a maximum of 30% of the body. But in conditions of fire contact everything starts and passes very quickly. Therefore, there is not enough time for aiming, and the fire is conducted along the body, as this is the greatest target. With bulletproof vests in this case, you can not only survive, but also actively respond with fire.
We needed a new weapon-ammunition complex, which, having acceptable dimensions, a small mass and a weak return, could effectively hit the opponent in a bulletproof vest.
Wide application of personal protective equipmentwas not the only reason for developing new weapons. The armament system of the USSR was based on the concepts of large-scale confrontation against NATO troops. Thus, the main focus was on rocket and tank troops, aviation, artillery and large motorized infantry units. Personal weapons played one of the last roles. For example, the PM (Makarov's pistol) was created as a weapon of peacetime. And in military operations, the officers still took a submachine gun. But in the conditions of partisan and local wars of the 70-80s, this approach to arms proved completely wrong.
Практика показала, что личное стрелковое оружие plays a huge role. Collisions in the above wars occurred, as a rule, with the participation of small infantry units, which were supported by artillery, aircraft and tanks. Partisan methods of warfare were used, with a large number of sudden attacks from ambushes and shooting from short distances. As a result, there was a need for the modernization of personal short-barreled weapons.
By the late 1980s, the arms industry had receivednew materials. Throughout the design of the pistols began to introduce changes. The next-generation pistol had to meet the following requirements: constant combat readiness, safe handling, reliability in severe conditions of use, high firepower, convenience and ease of operation and maintenance. Well, the cartridge used had to have a high stopping and punching action of the bullet.
In 1991, the design team with PeterSerdyukov at the head created two prototypes of a pistol with the index 6P35. In the meantime, B.Yuriev completed the development of the new patron РГ052 with a high stopping and punching action of the bullet. The cartridge had a caliber of 9 mm and a length of 21 mm. During the development of the cartridge it was assumed that it would be used not only in a pistol, but also in a submachine gun. The key feature of this cartridge is in the structure of the bullet. The upper part of the core protrudes from the shell, which means that it requires less energy to pierce it.
Serdyukov's pistol had an initial speedshot at 420 m / s. It was enough for the bullet to penetrate the bulletproof vest, designed to stop the bullets of the assault rifle. In 1993, a modernized version of the pistol was created, which received the RG055 index and the working title "Serdyukov's" Vector "pistol." This model differed from the previous in shape and design of the bolt frame, the thickness of the walls of the trunk and the shape of the sight, which received inserts from the enamel. "Vector" was adopted by the armed forces and troops of the USSR. A little later, an export pistol of ATP Serdyukov - "Gyurza" appeared. This model is still used in the internal troops of several countries. Foreign models do not give such a successful combination of characteristics, like Serdyukov's pistol. "Gyurza", like "Vector", is not the official name of the weapon and does not appear in the documents.
In 1996, the Armed Forces of the FSBReceived an advanced model, called "Serdyukov CP-1 pistol". The design had several changes. Due to the update of the handle (several incisions on the front and back sides, as well as flanking on the sides), it has become more convenient, which is important given the rather powerful return of the weapon. Dimensions of the gun slightly increased, and along with them the resource of details also increased. The channel of the trunk became chrome plated. The cartridge was also finalized. Together with the 6.74 gram cartridge, the pistol gave 410 m / s of the initial velocity of the bullet and 565 J of energy. A second-class body armor could be hit from a distance of up to 70 meters. Several new cartridges with an expansive, armor-piercing tracer bullet, and a lead-cored bullet were also created.
Serdyukov CP-1 pistol received locking systemthe trunk canal with the help of a so-called swinging larva. This positively affected the accuracy of the shooting. The return spring is located around the trunk and rests against a special stop. For simplicity of disassembly the frame consists of two parts. Handle together with the trigger guard are made of plastic, resistant to shocks. The metal (upper) part includes a number of parts and has guides for the gate frame. The double-action trigger mechanism has a safety platoon of the bracket, but it is not automatically set on it.
To make a shot by self-cocking, you needPreliminarily put the bracket on the safety platoon. To manually lock the clamp, the automatic fuse-in guard must be switched off without fail. If a misfire occurs during the shooting, it is eliminated by sending a new cartridge into the chamber, and not by re-piercing the capsule as it was before.
Great power requires special care.Therefore, the gun has two automatic fuses. Handle, it is also lever, the fuse is located on the back side of the handle, locking the whisper. The second fuse protrudes from the descent surface and blocks its movement until the trigger is pressed by the shooter.
When all the cartridges from the store are consumed,The shutter automatically becomes shutter stop (not a delay, but a stop). When the new magazine becomes in place, the shutter casing is automatically removed from the shutdown and sends the cartridge into the chamber. Thus, by attaching the equipped magazine, the shooter can immediately start the fire without recharging the weapon. To pull the bolt back (which requires precious time), as on most pistols, it is not necessary.
The Serdyukov pistol has a two-way slidinglatch the store. It is located at a standard location - at the top of the store, behind the descent. Due to the fact that the latch is located on both sides, the pistol with the same convenience can be used as a right-handed and left-handed. The store has a box-like structure and holds as many as 18 rounds. This feature, along with the self-loading of the pistol is its main advantage. Aiming shooting is provided thanks to the fly and the head, on which are painted light stripes for accurate fire at dusk. If necessary, the target can be adjusted with the help of special tools included in the set of spare parts. The dismantling of the gun is carried out according to the standard scheme.
In 1997 Serdyukov's gun again sufferedconstructive changes. The handle has found a new shape, which made it equally convenient to hold the pistol for the arrows of different physique. The store received a push-button latch. And the sighting devices acquired a slightly different size and shape. At the end of the same year, the gun could not win the "Grach" competition and began to develop independently. Work on the development of the model to new requirements was called "Granite" and continued until 2000. As a result, the gun again changed its name to Vector CP-1M and entered some special services for testing.
In 2003, the Serdyukov pistol was adopted onweapons of the FSB, but after the next revision. The handle became more comfortable, the trigger trigger increased. Now the model was named SPS, which means "self-loading Serdyukov pistol". However, he was self-loading before. And in general this model is called by the military in different ways: "Serdyukov pistol", "SPS", "CP-1", "Vector", "Gyurza", despite the fact that each of the names was given to weapons in different years.
In the summer of 2012, anothermodification of ATP. It was distinguished by the presence of grooves Picatinni (used to attach tactical lights, calibrator sights and laser pointers). To the model of 2012 you can mount a muffler. This version is used by the armed forces to this day.
In general, the self-loading pistol Serdyukov possessesexcellent operational and combat characteristics. Its reliability is confirmed by the participants in real combat operations. The model works faultlessly in the temperature range from -50 to +50 ° C. At the same time, thanks to the plastic handle, you can comfortably hold it with your bare hand in all weather conditions. The trigger key does not interfere with comfortable shooting at all. The Serdyukov pistol has a high quality of assembly, processing of materials and their manufacture. The high-strength plastic used in the construction proved to be excellent.
Handle guard due to a powerful springrather strongly presses on the arm. Because of the large handle to those who have a small brush, when changing the store you have to change the grip. The strange shape of the trigger makes it difficult for a quick shot by the platoon to get the weapon. The fact is that, as a rule, the finger of the arrow lies on the edge of the trigger guard, and not on its center, which causes the finger to slip.
Despite these shortcomings, a self-loading pistolSerdyukova is actively produced and used by various law enforcement and law enforcement agencies of the Russian Federation. It consists in the arsenal of the FSB units, FSO, individual detachments of the SOBR and the OMS. The weapon is also available in the presidential security service and the border troops.
Practice has shown that the aiming rangeshooting from this type of weapon is 100 meters. The accuracy of the battle deserves praise. A fighter with an average level of training at a distance of 25 meters places ten bullets in an area of 6.5 cm in diameter. At a distance of 100 meters, the figure increases to 32 cm.
A shot from a hundred meters with a cartridge of SP-10 is punched by a flak jacket, consisting of two 1.4 mm thick titanium plates, and 30 layers of Kevlar.
В качестве резюме вспомним основные characteristics of the ATP pistol. The length of the gun is 200 mm, and the length of the gun is 120 mm. The height of the weapon is 145 mm, and the width is 34 mm. The caliber is 9 by 21. The weight of the pistol without cartridges is 900 g. The magazine holds 18 cartridges.
ATP is a weapon to be proud of.Not for nothing that it has been used for many years by the security forces of different countries of the world. All other things being equal, this gun definitely surpasses foreign competitors in penetration, shooting accuracy and ease of use. Of course, the ATP has flaws, but they are not so large as to write it off.
