Anticipation is important: types of preventions when shooting and how to calculate them

In shooting, the lead-in is the distance thatmanages to overcome the target until such time as the charge enters it. Accuracy depends on the ability to calculate it correctly. There are people who, by nature, accurately determine the pre-emption when shooting, they intuitively sense where the target will be, and mark it at this place. But most shooters and hunters acquire this skill through long training sessions and an awareness of what the lead value is and how it is calculated mathematically.

Basic concepts

First you need to enter the basic concepts.

• The target trajectory is an imaginary line that the target passes. The trajectory is characterized by the spatial position of the target, its speed and direction of movement (velocity vector).
• Sighting line - a straight line passing through the center of the barrel through the sight bar, ideally, it will connect the shooter's sight and the target at the point of its defeat.
• The angle of encounter with the target (α) is the angle between the direction of movement of the target at the point of impact and the aiming line.

Types of pre-emption

Amount of lead depends on speedthe target and the time it takes to charge to reach the goal. This time, in turn, depends on the distance to the target and the speed of the charge. There are three types of pre-emptions:

• true;
• observable;
• hidden

The true

True anticipation is the distance thatmanages to pass the target along its trajectory from the moment of the shot and until the moment it hits the charge. This distance depends only on the flight time of the bullet / shot and the speed of the target, calculated using a fairly simple formula:

Have_and= In_M* t_z,

where is u_and - true anticipation, V_M - target velocity, t_z - time of flight charge.

Пример расчета. Скорость мишени 10 м/с.Shooting is conducted from a distance of 50 meters, the average charge speed is 400 m / s._z = 50/400 = 0.125 s. Find the true leadthrough:

Have_and = 10 * 0.125 = 1.25 meters.

Observable

But the magnitude of the true lead is visuallycoincides with what the shooter sees in only one case: if the target moves strictly perpendicular to the sighting line, that is, the angle α is equal to 90 °. Naturally, such conditions occur rarely, in most cases the target moves at an indirect angle with respect to the shooter’s view, therefore the observed lead is a kind of projection of the true distance to which the target will move.

Observed anticipation is determined not onlythe time of flight of the charge and the target velocity, but also in many respects by the angle of encounter with the target (α). The smaller this angle, the smaller the observed value of lead. At an angle α = 0 °, the target will fly away strictly from the shooter or fly toward it, that is, it will be impossible to take a look ahead. The observed advance is calculated by the formula:

Have_Mr. = Y_and* sin (α),

where is u_Mr. - observed anticipation_and - true anticipation, α - the angle of the meeting with the target.

An example of calculation.Take the true prediction from the previous example and assume that the target moves away from the arrow at an angle of 45 ° relative to his gaze (aiming line), then the observed anticipation will be equal to:

Have_Mr. = 1.25 * sin (45 °) = 1.25 * 0.707 = 0.88 meters.

Hidden

There is one more type of anticipation - this is a hidden one.which is hardly relevant for hunters and idle shooting lovers. Its value is negligible, respectively, the influence on the calculation of the distance traveled by the target from the shot to the hit is negligible. The latent anticipation is made up of the burning time of the powder when fired (approximately 0.003 seconds) and the time it takes for the charge to travel through the barrel (approximately 0.004 seconds), that is, it totals 0.007 seconds.

Such a short time is taken into account only by professional shooters in competitions at the level of Olympiads and World Championships, where even the meager nuances that can influence the result are important.