The idea of creating a parachute belongs to Leonardo da VinciVinci. It was he who, in his manuscripts, mentioned an adaptation by means of which it is possible to safely descend from a height. However, the device found this device only in 1783, when special popularity began to acquire flights on balloons. Even later, the design of the parachute was refined by the British. In this review we will talk about flights on similar devices. We will consider how the winner in parachuting, its history and description of varieties is determined.
Under parachuting should be understooddiscipline, where a person with a parachute has to jump from an aircraft. During a free flight, falling or planning, he needs to perform some actions and land. It is for safe planning and a parachute is required.
Talking about what parachute sport is,it is impossible not to single out the fact that in a free fall a person will be only a minute if the jump took place from a height of 4 km. At the same time, the fall speed reaches 180-200 km / h. It is these indicators that allow the athlete to move freely in the air, using the arms and legs to control.
Parachuting, the history of which is richvarious events, originated long ago. But it all started with simple jumps. And the first person to experience the parachute was Andre-Jacques Garnerin in 1797. He jumped from a balloon that hovered at an altitude of 2,230 feet.
From a flying plane from a height of 1500 feet firstjumped with a parachute, Albert Berry in 1912. In free fall, he flew about 400 feet, then smoothly landed on the parade ground of the military unit he was serving in. The first woman to experience a parachute was Georgia Thompson. It happened in 1913.
Parachuting, championships which beganheld since 1951, immediately won great popularity. And already in 1982 the parachute commission included representatives of approximately 60 countries. The competitions were divided into several categories. It was possible to take into account not only the accuracy of the landing, but also the time of free flight, the movements and figures performed, the jumps by the group, and the dome acrobatics.
To understand how the winner is determined inparachuting, it is necessary to describe the varieties of this discipline. Regardless of the type of jump, the athlete must have some skills and abilities. In addition, he must know how to perform a variety of acrobatic elements, controlling the decrease and smoothness of the landing.
At the present stage, there are 2 directions.It's about piloting the parachute and free fall. The first direction includes dome acrobatics, high-speed landing and landing on accuracy, the second - group and individual acrobatics, freestyle, frelay and skysurfing.
The rules of parachuting in this direction imply that the athlete needs to build in the air a variety of figures. Rebuildings will be carried out with the parachute already opened.
It should be noted that there are several different variants of the competition:
How is the winner in parachuting determined in this direction? Jumping athletes are recorded by a videographer, the judges make their verdict after viewing the record.
In this type of parachuting, it is necessary to make a long horizontal flight along the ground before landing. The speed should be large enough.
It is worth noting that the athlete when approaching the groundcan reach 100 km / h. The height can be less than a meter. Therefore, there is nothing strange in that this discipline is considered the most dangerous, and athletes get injuries at almost every championship.
Speaking of parachuting, description and mainthe rules of which we are considering, it should be noted that this discipline is considered “elderly”. The athlete is required to land in a pre-designated place. And the more accurately he does it, the better. A few decades ago, an error of 80 meters was considered a good result. But at the present stage, a parachutist is required to hit a special electric target sensor.
This discipline implies the need forthe performance of parachutists of various figures, the restructuring, carried out in the horizontal plane. All this should happen in a free fall. Before the construction of a certain figure, some of the athletes form the base. The remaining paratroopers fly up to her in strict sequence. This is how the creation of figures in the air takes place.
This type of parachutingimplies the performance of movements by one athlete for a time. From the parachutist requires an ideal possession of the body, since he will have to perform not only rotation, but also a flip with spirals. How is the winner in parachuting determined in this situation? If the athlete can not perform the required elements of acrobatics, he will not get a high rating. But there are other nuances, which will be discussed below.
Парашютисту в таком направлении, как фристайл, It is required during the entire free fall, which lasts 60 seconds, to perform a variety of figures, realizing sometimes the most unexpected and complex ideas. To impress judges, an athlete is required to demonstrate high coordination of movements, plasticity and grace.
The direction of the freefly appeared relativelyRecently, but it has already gained popularity. The rules of parachuting in this situation are not too complicated. A team of 2 skydivers must perform a variety of acrobatic figures, resorting to using different vertical positions: head down, sitting or standing. The fall rate in this direction can vary in the range from 250 to 300 km / h. All movements of athletes are filmed on camera by a parachutist-operator, who flies nearby. Analyzing the record, the judges will make their verdict.
In this direction, the athlete performs the jumpnot only with a parachute, but also with a special board on the legs. Nearby must fly an operator who will shoot all the acrobatic exercises performed by a parachutist.
How is the winner determined in parachuting? The rules in this situation are such that much depends on the synchronous actions of the athlete and the operator, their interaction with each other.
It should be noted that the competitions are divided intomandatory and arbitrary program. For each of them, a separate decision will be made on the basis of the record by the judges. The greatest number of championships at the present stage is held in this discipline.
Enough spread in the world receivedparachuting. Classic skydiving is considered the oldest and most common discipline. It includes two exercises - landing accuracy and individual acrobatics.
On the basis of this parachute biathlon were bornother sports related to jumping and parachuting. In addition, this discipline does not require too much cash and is relatively easy to organize. There is no need for regular training jumps from a considerable height.
Judges evaluate accuracy in the first exercise.landings Jumps are usually carried out by a group of athletes from a height of 1200 meters. Before opening the parachute, it is necessary to sustain a slight delay. It is also necessary when performing a jump, otherwise you can hurt the athlete who jumped earlier, or just stop him.
Athletes must land on landing.target that is a round target. In its center there is a circle with a diameter of 2 cm - “zero”. It is precisely into it that the parachutist must fall, since the evaluation of the judges depends on it. It should also be noted that the first contact with the ground should be touching this very circle, either with the heel or the toe of the foot.
Точность приземления определяет специальный a sensor that captures the touch of the athlete's goal and displays the result on the scoreboard. At competitions the parachutist is given several jumps, all results will be summed up and divided by the number of attempts made by the athlete. It is by the average result that the judges determine the winner.
What is individual acrobatics,already mentioned above. It is necessary to highlight the required elements that the athlete must perform. These are two spirals in different directions by 360 degrees and a back flip. The parachutist must perform these acrobatic tricks twice.
Before performing the figures, the athlete shouldaccelerate to the highest possible vertical speed in free fall. Then he needs to group and consistently perform tricks, controlling his own body with his hands and feet.
Есть два комплекса фигур – левый и правый.It all depends on which way the first helix should be run. For example, the right complex includes the right helix, left helix, somersault. These exercises are repeated twice in the same sequence. Which complex should be performed is determined immediately before the jump by the judges.
Everything is fixed on camera, members of the courtCommissions determine the winner by appointment, fixing the time to start performing acrobatic stunts and the end of the complex. Also taken into account are the mistakes of the athlete. The winner can be determined either one by one or by the sum of two exercises.
Теперь вы знаете, что собой представляет parachuting: types and levels, rules and description, ways to identify winners. We hope that this review helped you to understand this extreme discipline.
