Analyzing the current stateelectric grids in Russia, one can understand that they have one common parameter. It concerns the deviation from the nominal voltage figure of 220 volts. Sometimes this value deviates by 10-15 percent, both in the positive and in the negative direction. Of course, electrical appliances, and especially expensive refrigerators and computers, are at risk of failing. But how to be? There is an exit. In order to protect the devices from emergency loads, a voltage regulator 220V for the house is purchased. How to choose it, and what it is - read on in our article.
Перед тем как выбрать стабилизатор напряжения, it is necessary to understand what it is for. And this device serves to protect household electric appliances from various kinds of current surges, as well as other disturbances, including impulse ones.
Before installing this unit,Take measurements of your work network and decide on the need to purchase such a device. Before choosing a voltage regulator for a private house, it is recommended to make several measurements of the maximum current consumption throughout the day. Perhaps the purchase of such a device and you do not need.
But how does one determine how much current is consumed inhome right now? To do this, use measuring devices such as True RMS. Thanks to the data obtained, you will determine with high accuracy which voltage is applied at any given time period.
Now about the results.If the device showed a value between zero and a phase of the order of 205-235 Volts, the installation of a stabilizer is required only for additional security purposes (for example, to protect devices that are highly sensitive to differences). That is, these values are normal for all modern appliances.
The situation with deviations is a little different.about 10 percent in the positive and negative direction. When the instrument shows values from 198 to 235 Volts, a stabilizer setting is recommended for all current consumers.
The critical value is from 187 to 242 andmore volts. In this case, the devices are at serious risk, respectively, for their protection should use a 220V voltage regulator for the house. How to choose this device, consider below.
First of all, we note that all devices are divided into two groups and can be:
How to choose a voltage regulator for privatehome of the desired type? Everything is very simple. For example, if only 1-phase voltage is used in an apartment, therefore, 1-phase devices should be bought here.
В случае, когда в доме имеется 3-фазный ввод, а there is also an air conditioner or other equipment with electric motors (including pumps), then a 3-phase stabilizer will be best for such a room.
Consider another situation.For example, when a 3-phase voltage is connected to a house, but you do not have the use of such devices (they are all 1-phase, that is, household), there is an opportunity for optimization. Here it is necessary to analyze how the load is distributed between the phases.
What to do if each of the three is loadedis it the same and has important current consumers? Then you should install three 1-phase stabilizers with the same power. You can go the other way. If it is possible to concentrate the main current consumers on 1 or 2 phases, the remaining groups of electrical appliances connect directly to the network.
Before you choose a voltage regulator, consider its types. All these devices can be divided into several types:
The first type is the products whose algorithm worksis to switch the windings of the step type transformer using a relay. This is probably the cheapest version of the equipment with an input current range of about 100-290 volts and high speed. However, a significant disadvantage of it is the contact group of the relay. It is this part that most often fails and thus can give an error when switching windings up to 20 Volts. In addition, if a welding machine is connected to the line, the probability of failure of the relay increases significantly. For general purposes (one device for the whole house), they are unlikely to fit. However, as an individual stabilizer (only on TV, for example) is a very good option.
The second kind of equipment worksdue to the movement of special brushes on the transformer winding. In terms of cost, they refer to the budget option. Also, electromechanical stabilizers operate on the little engine without distortion of the sinusoid.
Thyristor, as well as triac products, actthanks to automatic switching of transformer sections through power switches. Such equipment by its design is a bit like relay. However, unlike their counterparts, the triac stabilizers have a small error in tuning (no more than 5 percent) and a large number of stabilization steps.
The disadvantage of this type of device -sensitivity to heat transfer, which requires the forced cooling of power switches. Also a significant disadvantage is their high price, so these devices are less popular than the first two.
This is an excellent voltage regulator forthe fridge. How to choose it, consider in the next section. The equipment of double conversion is recommended to be used for the most sensitive to voltage fluctuations of current consumers with a power of 1-30 kilowatts. These stabilizers are characterized by complete suppression of external interference and are notable for silent operation. Their error is no more than 1 percent at the output. Also, double conversion equipment has a large input voltage range (from 118 to 300 volts). In terms of cost, they are more similar to the triac analogues. However, in terms of reliability and quality of work, they surpass them at times.
Как выбрать стабилизатор напряжения в зависимости from the power of household appliances? To do this, calculate the total load consumed by your refrigerator, washing machine, computer and other devices. This information can be found in the technical passport of the device or in the instruction manual. Sometimes the manufacturer makes a sticker on the back of the product, which means the maximum power consumption (on monitors, for example). This value is denoted by the letter W.
При расчете мощности следует также обратить attention to the starting value. For example, for devices in whose design electric motors are provided, special multiplicity factors are used to calculate such values. For each line of devices they are different. For example, for a refrigerator, it is 5 and 10 for new and old models, respectively. The air conditioner has multiplicity factors from 2 to 35. The washing machine is from 3 to 5. The microwave and perforator are about 3. To calculate the power consumption, multiply the coefficient by the nominal data. For example, if an old refrigerator has a power of 100 watts, at the time of starting the engine it will consume 1000 watts. By the way, it is for these devices that this coefficient is most important, because the launch time can last up to 1-2 seconds, and this is a relatively large load on the network.
Also when calculating the total power devicesconsider how they can work synchronously. If some devices do not turn on at the same time, the total power will be an order of magnitude less. Consider the fact that all stabilizers must have a power reserve of at least 20 percent.
В любом случае трудно предположить, какие еще Electrical devices will appear in your home after purchasing this device. Therefore, the larger the stock, the better. Moreover, all the instruments have recently become more and more powerful. What is worth one fridge!
Often the voltage regulator for the refrigerator(how to choose it, read on) is normalized by power at an input voltage of 220 volts. The main parameter for it is the maximum input current, which is measured in amperes. Most often, the product of a given voltage and the peak input from the stabilizer is the maximum value of the input power.
For example, we have a "Garant CH7000" -220V voltage regulator for home. How to choose and find out if it is suitable for our premises? According to its characteristics, it has a peak power of 7000 W at an input value of 220 volts. Input current is 32 Amperes. That is, at a voltage of 150 volts, the maximum load power will be 4800 watts. Thus, the stabilizer is designed for a load not exceeding the above value. That’s enough for lighting 200 watts, a 1000 watt refrigerator, a washing machine (2300 watts) and a 1200 watt electric kettle.
We need to calculate the stabilizer power forrooms where TV, refrigerator, air conditioner, computer and lighting are used with capacities of 100, 200, 1500, 170 and 300 watts respectively. Here it should be noted that the second and third devices consume an order of magnitude more current than in normal operation (do not forget about the multiplicity factors). This means that our calculation will look like this: 100 + 1500 * 2 + 200 * 5 + 170 + 300, where we get 4.57 kW in total. In addition to the above instruments, a kettle, an iron and a vacuum cleaner can be additionally connected. Thus, the load can grow by as much as 1000 watts and even more.
Depending on which devices are locatedin your apartment or in the country, add or take away some of them. This will help determine how powerful your current defender should be.
By the same principle are acquired andvoltage regulators for gas boilers. How to choose them? Nowadays, modern boilers consume more energy than before, since most of them are equipped with circulating pumps. By power, they take about 130-150 watts. Accordingly, this value should be added to the resulting figure (we have 4.57 kW), as a result, the device should have a power of up to 5-6 kW (do not forget about a power reserve of 20-30 percent!). Of course, you can buy a cheaper option. However, in this case, without a power reserve, you will have to manually turn off certain devices, for example, in order not to burn the voltage regulator for the computer. How to choose it, we have already figured out. The main thing - do not lose with the power margin and do not forget about the coefficients.
Now you know how to choose a stabilizer.voltage for the boiler, TV, refrigerator and other electrical household appliances. Such a device is a very expensive pleasure, but sometimes its use is simply necessary. For example, in cases where the voltage is so low that the devices simply can not start without the presence of this element. You should not save on the purchase of this device, if you have expensive electrical equipment in your house. This question, how to choose a voltage regulator for the house, can be considered closed.
