Forensic psychology isA special procedure conducted during the investigation by a professional specialist. Its main goal is to evaluate phenomena and actions related to the psychological sphere. Obviously, in order to better understand a particular case, it is necessary to understand the personal characteristics of the person who committed unlawful acts, as well as the internal motives of his actions. Such a measure allows to expand the range of possibilities for proving offenses.
Judicial-psychological expertise in criminal proceedings solves the following issues:
- elucidation of the ability of all participants (victims, accused, witnesses) to give truthful and correct testimony, as well as to take into account all aspects that are relevant for this process;
- establishing a correct perception of the casevictims who survived the rape. In particular, it becomes clear whether the person understands the meaning and nature of the actions committed with him. It also examines the question of whether the victim could resist the offender;
- the establishment of the ability to correctly perceive the actions performed, as well as to supervise them among juvenile defendants who lag behind in mental development;
- finding out the existence of states of physiological affect, which can affect the consciousness and actions of the suspect, at the time when the actions that were recognized as unlawful were committed;
- in cases related to offenses in the workplaceplace, it is established that the defendant has various psychological violations that may have a negative effect on the performance of his professional duties. For example, this may be the case concerning work in the railway transport, aviation;
- forensic psychological examination contributes to the establishment of a person's mental state, which preceded his suicide;
- the clarification of the presence or absence of specific individual characteristics of the accused, which could entail the commission of unlawful acts.
Forensic psychological examination in the civil process resolves the following issues:
- establishes the legal capacity or incapacity of the persons participating in the case;
- it turns out whether he realized his actions and whether the person was in charge of them at the time of the transaction;
- certain details of cases related to the protection of children are established. In particular, the psychological state of the child and aspects that could affect it are revealed;
- certain details of cases are established that relate to compensation for moral harm. In particular, the degree of moral suffering of the victim is clarified;
- details of cases related to the rights and duties of guardians are established.
Most often forensic psychological examinationis used to investigate criminal proceedings. EET in civil affairs is popular in the west, but in Russia it is becoming increasingly relevant. Of course, psychological expertise contributes to a more correct and accurate understanding of all the details of the case. It is carried out by a commission of experts. However, in some cases, this may be one specialist.
The procedure should not be conductedIn parallel with a psychiatric examination or precede it. Why? The point is that forensic psychological examination can be applied only to those people who are recognized as mentally healthy. Otherwise, its use in the case is prohibited.
Expertise can be conducted against allsignificant participants in the process. In particular, it is the accused, the victim, as well as the witnesses. In most cases, psychological examination is used to identify the identity and individual characteristics of the suspect.
