Perhaps no one will be surprised by the statement thatalmost any work seems to be difficult exactly until you start doing it. Subsequently, looking back, it remains only to laugh at their own experiences. A striking example is the electrical housework. So, if necessary, to install a single-key switch, many resort to the services of specialized firms and single masters, requesting a payment of 250 rubles. and higher. In fact, the task is quite simple and is easily solved on its own.
Any switch consists of a metal base, which includes the mechanism itself, hiding its decorative lining and keys.
Depending on the number of switched circuits,distinguish one-, two- and three-key solutions. The installation of the single-key switch is performed as a template, so it is enough to read about it or watch the work of a specialist once. Depending on the method of installation and the degree of protection of the case, there are internal and external switches. The first ones assume placement inside the wall, in a special box, and the second ones are directly on the surface of any foundation. For example, installation of a single-key external switch is advisable where there are no special requirements for appearance or it is not possible to install an internal box.
Реализации электрических схем, как правило, completely identical. The basis of these devices is a metal plate-rocker, capable of connecting two copper contacts with a kind of bridge, forming an electrical circuit. In the on state, the switch allows current to flow through itself, allowing the connected device to operate.
Accordingly, in the off statethe internal resistance of the air gap between the contact and the plate is such that the circuit is broken. The plastic key controls the position of the elements of the mechanism. There are modifications in which, instead of a plate, a copper “tongue” is used and a spring loaded system, but the principle of operation is unchanged.
The exception is electronic modifications in which the process of current flow is controlled by a simple circuit (response to light, sound, smooth adjustment).
Work begins with determining the location of the futureinstallation and preparation of materials with tools. Be sure to use: voltage indicator / phase indicator and tester to check the integrity of the circuit; insulating tape; several small screwdrivers of different types; a set of fasteners for installation; the wire.
Consider how the installationsingle key external switch. The manual is often supplied with the product in a small pamphlet or on the inside of the case a sticker is attached. Although most often it is not needed, it is recommended to familiarize yourself with its content.
Electrical connection is performed with the removal of voltage (automatic disconnected). This is a prerequisite, which should not be neglected.
Если проводка не скрыта в стене, то путем осмотра you need to decide from which point it will be supplied with electricity to the switch. Otherwise, you must first localize the place of attachment, having studied the scheme, or in another way finding the place where the line passes. Further, its two wires (considered "normal" network of 220 V) are cut, their ends on both sides are stripped of insulation at a distance of about 10 mm and divorced to the side. After that, the line voltage is applied. Using the “Contact” pointer (a proven indicator screwdriver will also work), the phase conductor is detected and the circuit is de-energized again. In the place of the cut, a closing box is mounted, two wires are brought into it from three sides: the beginning and the continuation of the line, and an additional branch to the switch. By the way, it is at this stage that the length of the required additional section is determined. You can not use the box, and get insulated twists, although this is quite a budget option.
На диэлектрическую основу (кирпич) устройство can be fixed directly. In all other cases, it is necessary to cut the base out of a non-conducting material and install a switch on the base through it. An alternative is to purchase a fully closed model.
Many sources explaining how to connecta one-button switch, completely overlooked the need for actuation test, as a result of which the switching takes place “the opposite”: the lower position of the key corresponds to the on state, and the upper one to the off state. Although this does not affect the operation of the device, it may later have the saddest consequences, for example, when replacing a failed lamp. A pointer "Contact", a dial or a multimeter operating in the resistance measurement mode, checks at which position of the switch mechanism the circuit passes current. This corresponds to pressing the up key, which must be taken into account during installation.
In other words, the upper and lower terminals are detected.
When installing the one-button switch with your own hands, one should not trust the designations applied to manufacturers (for phase and zero) without checking, as the price for their mistakes is human life.
The wire that the phase comes in is built up andfed to the top contact. A second one is taken away from the lower one and laid to the lamp or any other load of permissible power. Although here we use the term "wire", you need to understand that this may not be a single branch, but a cable core. Most often this is done.
Outgoing from load joins zerobranches of the main chain anywhere. Nevertheless, even such a simple action as mounting a single-key switch needs to be done in compliance with certain requirements, one of which says that the returning branch should join the line in the same place where the outgoing phase one is taken from.
Thanks to this, you can easilyperform repairs. And if, with external wiring, it is still possible to trace the line through inspection, then in the case of its concealment in the wall, the search for a “stray” wire is very difficult.
Cable routes can be fixed towall clips, laid in special boxes or hidden in a corrugated pipe, which gives the chain with the switch a neat and finished look, while protecting the elements from accidental damage. The only thing you should pay attention to is the material of the corrugated tube.
It can be both for external and internal installation.
In any case, the general scheme is as follows:"The phase wire of the main line - branch to the switch - wire to the load - return the wire to the zero conductor". Nothing complicated. Installation of the single-key switch for indoor installation is almost the same as with the external placement.
The only difference is that firstA cylinder is drilled / cut / knocked out, the diameter of which corresponds to the dimensions of a special plastic junction box. Depending on the wall material, it is fixed there one way or another, and the switch itself is inserted into it. It is fastened by tightening the provided two screws, which either separate the special stops, or simply fasten the metal frame to the grooves of the box (drywall option).
Cable supply for internal switch asusually hidden. In the case of a concrete or brick wall, a groove is made (groove) and the wires from the main line are laid. If the walls are “sheathed” with something, the cable is pulled over the sheets. That is, only the switch itself (its key) should be visible, and everything else should be hidden. Consider all the more detail.
The place for the future switch is selected.According to PUE, the distance to gas pipes and doorways must be at least 0.5 m. The height is chosen individually. Previously it was believed that the installation of switches should be made at the level of an outstretched arm of an adult of average height. Now it is recommended not to exceed 1 m (except for children's institutions). The circle is drilled with a special crown, and the resulting cylinder is knocked out. To him from the point of connection to the line "stretched" groove depth of at least 10 mm.
Проще всего ее выполнить специальным штроборезом, two cutting edges which simultaneously create parallel grooves. Although in the absence of a special tool it is quite possible to get along with the usual chisel and hammer.
To fix the box in a brick base can be atrelief cement. First, it is gently fixed with alabaster or any other similar composition. A cable is fed to it on the gate and is held there in the same way. After hardening, they proceed to the installation of the switch itself. First, remove the key from it and orient it to the on / off positions (discussed earlier). The wires are stripped and connected to the contacts. It is possible to proceed to their complete smearing in the wall only after checking the operability of the entire chain. By the way, the installation of the Werkel single-key switch, as well as the products of some other manufacturers, is simplified, since self-tightening solutions are used in their design instead of the bolts fixing the wire.
Depending on the design features, onThere may be a thin elastic band on the inner retaining tongues. It is not necessary to remove it, because thanks to it, the tabs are pressed to the "body", making it easy to bring it into the mounting box. The metal plate that forms the basis of the switch should fit as close as possible to the wall, since even insignificant 1-3 mm of the gap during the final assembly "pour out" into a rather noticeable curvature. So improper installation of the Schneider single-key switch, which belongs to the group of very high-quality products, can nullify all its advantages. And it will not matter how long the plastic retains its appearance.
With walls lined with something, the task is simplified several times. Perhaps its implementation becomes no more difficult than in the case of installing an external switch.
A circle is cut out in the sheet with a crown and a box is placed in it.
Its design is such that it allows you to do withoutholding solutions, although there are screws for additional fixation. From the distribution box (usually under the ceiling) behind the sheet, the cable is pulled to the place where the switch is installed, and from there to the load. Installation is in progress (searching for phase conductors, orientation, connection to terminals and housing assembly). The only thing you should pay attention to when installing the Viko single-button switch and similar manufacturers: it is recommended to fasten the construction plate to the box with screws. Such modifications are offered by stores in large quantities.
