First aid for bleeding isactions aimed at stopping them. Everyone should know about them and be able to produce them: a situation may occur that will require the necessary measures to help the victim survive to qualified assistance. And sometimes it is necessary to act quickly and accurately.
They are distinguished by the type of damaged vessel.It is necessary to be able to determine all types of bleeding. The first aid depends on what is damaged in the body. There are three types of bleeding:
In addition to overt, external, bleeding there areinternal. They need to be able to recognize: the timely provision of first aid before bleeding into the internal cavities significantly increases the chances of the victim (or patient) for survival.
Let's start with the most simple, one might say, householdsituations. Damage to the capillaries is common, especially in children with an imperfect vestibular apparatus. Broken knees and flayed elbows are so habitual injuries that parents treat them calmly. First aid for bleeding caused by the violation of the integrity of the capillaries is quite routine: disinfecting the wound and applying a bandage to prevent infection. In the case of deeper damage, when blood flows out quite a lot, you need to make a pressure bandage. In this case, it is necessary to consult a doctor only when the victim has a bad blood coagulability.
Another fairly common householdoption of blood loss. It can be caused by an unsuccessful fall, when a person does not have time to expose his hands, a blow to the face or a rupture of a vessel (for example, with high pressure in hypertensive patients). Making the victim lift his face up is the first reaction of most people to nosebleeds. The provision of first aid for him, however, consists in directly opposite actions. The person should be seated with a slight inclination forward so that the blood does not get into the throat and nasopharynx - this can cause vomiting and coughing. If the nose is not broken, a tight swab saturated with peroxide is inserted into the nostril and pressed against the finger. A cold is placed on the nose - it will not only accelerate the cessation of bleeding, but also prevent the appearance of edema if the person has received a stroke. Twenty minutes later the blood will stop. To check it is necessary to offer the victim to spit - if the saliva does not contain blood, the person can live peacefully. A visit to the doctor is required only for a nose fracture or unstoppable bleeding.
The most dangerous of the external (and internal) species.If the provision of the first emergency medical care for bleeding from the arteries is illiterate or late, the person will die very quickly. Signs of damage to the artery:
If a small artery is affected, the limbpulls over the wound, the victim is quickly transported to the medical facility (by ambulance or by his own transport). If a large vessel is damaged, the limb rises, above the wound the artery is squeezed with a finger (fist, if the femoral artery) - this is necessary to stop the “fountain”. Then a rope is applied. Usually the medical at hand does not happen, so that its functions are performed by a cord, a strip of cloth, a towel, a belt, a dog leash - what is closest. Delivery to the hospital is required, and as fast as possible.
It is characterized by intense, but notgushing, smooth bleeding dark, purple color. First, first aid for bleeding from a vein is to apply a pressure bandage rather wide. If it is ineffective, a tourniquet is applied, but it should be applied below the wound. Arm or leg, as in the case of the arteries, you need to slightly raise, so that blood flow to the limb weakened.
In case of serious bleeding, one cannot do without it. However, in addition to the place where it should be fixed, you need to know how to do it correctly.
If swelling is observed, and the skin acquires cyanosis, it means that the tourniquet is applied incorrectly. It is immediately removed and applied more successfully.
In the provision of first aid for bleeding includes compliance with the main medical commandment: "do no harm." We list things that can not be done if you do not have a medical education.
And most importantly - rather in the hospital. If there is no "ambulance" - take the victim yourself.
Not less dangerous than arterial.The particular threat is that it can not be recognized immediately by a non-professional. Considering that the patient often does not feel pain, one has to rely on secondary signs:
Actions must be quick and decisive: call an ambulance, ice warmer on the stomach, transportation sitting. In no case should not give food, drink or painkillers.
In the case of traffic accidents oroccupational injuries may separate the limb from the body. First aid for bleeding caused by amputation should be supplemented by the preservation of the limb, if the arm is torn off below the elbow, and the leg is below the knee. The limb is put in two packages, if possible, surrounded by ice and sent along with the victim. If transportation does not take more than six hours, there is a chance of sewing the limb to its rightful place. In Moscow, for example, this is possible in hospitals number 1, 6, 7, 71, at the Scientific Center for Surgery of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the State Clinical Hospital. When calling an ambulance, it is imperative to clarify that the victim is with a traumatic amputation.
