In case of detection of anypathologies, malformations or abnormalities of uterine development, as well as uterine bleeding of unknown origin, with malfunctions in the menstrual cycle, infertility, a study of the uterine cavity is necessary without delay. If you analyze the number of malignant lesions of the sexual organs of a woman, the main percentage will be cancer of the uterus. Identify it at the initial stage is not possible for everyone, because for this you need a regular visit to a gynecologist, and this, unfortunately, is not respected by all. At the slightest suspicions or doubts the gynecologist appoints or takes aspirate from a cavity of a uterus. As a result of this study, the attending physician receives exhaustive information about the uterine endometrium, and on the basis of this material, a final diagnosis is established and individual treatment of the patient is administered.
Nowadays an aspirate from the uterus can be takeneven in polyclinics (women's clinics), which will allow the gynecologist in a short time to have an idea of the pathological processes taking place in the uterine cavity. Cytological study of this process is the most important diagnostic method that allows timely detection of cancer in its early preclinical stage, and also provide differential diagnostics between malignant neoplasm and other conditions of the endometrium.
Until now, aspirates from the uterusit was possible to take with the help of a syringe of Brown (paipel). The pipe has the appearance of a plastic catheter three hundred millimeters long and an outer diameter of three millimeters. The final part, directly inserted into the uterine cavity, is tightly sealed, and on the side there is an opening having a diameter of two millimeters. Inside there is a metal conductor.
Naturally, sterility must be observedinstruments, and also they must be dry, since contact with formalin, desalter or water can significantly damage endometrial cells. Pipel is inserted to the bottom of the uterine cavity. Then a slow pulling of the piston during the movement of the cannula along the surface of the uterus cavity, or, more precisely, the mucous membrane of its shell, is carried out, and the tube angles are necessarily captured. When pulling out the metal piston, it seems like a suction to the walls of the uterus, and through the opening of the catheter, the cell material is extracted into the pin. It is necessary to produce two or three such pulling movements. Before removing the tool, the pulling of the piston is stopped so that cells from the vagina and the cervical canal do not enter the cavity of the syringe.
Aspirate from the uterine cavity is applied in a thin layeron two dry low-fat sterile glasses. Its thickness is no more than one and a half millimeters. The material should be applied in an amount of not less than two thirds of the glass surface. If the obtained cellular material is too tightly fixed in the internal walls of the pipe, the tool in this case is washed in a vial containing a solution of furacillin. Then the vial is closed with a stopper and delivered to the cytology laboratory.
Materials of the fence must be delivered to the laboratory strictly within three days.
Taking aspirates in modern conditionsis made with the use of new improved cannulas of Italian manufacture, as well as vacuum syringes produced in the USA. This procedure is carried out in the following order. Initially, the disinfecting treatment of genital organs is carried out. Then the neck of the uterus is exposed by means of a mirror, it is grasped by forceps with bullets, and the depth of the uterine cavity is determined using a special probe. After this, the aspirate from the uterine cavity is taken with the help of a cannula and vacuum syringe. After re-treatment, the aspirate is sent to the laboratory for examination.
Another method of examining the endometrium is curettagethe uterine cavity, but it is more traumatic for the lining uterine layer. The whole procedure takes about three minutes, while the patient can experience small pain, but if desired, anesthesia is performed.
