Different fruit trees grow in the garden.These are apple, pear, cherry, plum and cherry. However, it is rare to find a mulberry tree in it. But in the near past it was very popular and affordable. The older generation of gardeners can tell a lot about a useful plant, which has now become exotic.
An amazing long-liver is from China.Long since it was grown as a forage crop. The leaves of the tree served as food for the silkworm - a producer of raw materials for the manufacture of unique fabrics. Gardeners grow a mulberry tree belonging to the genus Morus, not for the production of silk, but as a decorative and fruitful culture. The genus consists of twenty-four species. Of these, mulberry white and black are fruit bearing, the characteristic feature of which is the color of the bark of an adult plant. Many gardeners mistakenly believed that mulberry trees are distinguished by the color of berries. However, this is not at all the case.
Mulberry white has a light color of the bark.But berries can be white, cream, pink, purple or completely black. The numerous genus Morus is represented by dioecious and, more rarely, monoecious trees. Most of them are heat-loving plants that can be grown in the southern regions. Only a white mulberry in the middle band does not freeze, grows well and fructifies.
Not every fruit plant can boast ofits durability. For two hundred or even three hundred years will give birth to mulberry, with the passage of time without changing its qualities. Sprawling tree reaches a height of twenty to thirty-five meters. Often it is formed as a two- or three-meter bush. The bark is light. The spherical crown is densely covered with oval foliage.
Colovid mulberry inflorescences are small.They have a light green color. A dioecious or rarely monoecious plant is pollinated by wind. Fruits of the spine are formed as small copulations. They have a pleasant sweetish taste. Depending on the variety, the berries can be painted in different colors. The mulberry white ripens from May to July. Fruits it for the fifth year after planting. Productivity is high. The collection period of berries is somewhat stretched due to unfavorable ripening. They are not transportable and are poorly stored, they are used immediately after removal.
This mulberry tree is winter hardy anddrought-resistant. These qualities characterize the plant as sufficiently hardy and unpretentious. It is suitable for plots with any type of soil. In addition to these advantages, the tree mulberry is a medicinal plant. Fruits have a high content of vitamins. In addition, they contain flavonoid, morin, carotene, fatty acids, iron salts. Medicinal properties are not only berries. The bark and leaves of the tree are also used for medicinal purposes.
Mulberry white can act as a fodder, fruit and decorative culture. They are represented by different grades, differing in individual properties.
So, among fruit-bearing varietiesattractive white honey mulberry. It is characterized by relative frost resistance and unpretentiousness, resistance to diseases. A tall deciduous tree has a wide crown. Simple oval leaves are painted in a light green color. Inflorescences spiked. Juicy fruits have a white color.
The taste is good.The harvest is continued at the end of June. Uneven maturation of the fruit lasts until the beginning of August. Fresh berries are stored no more than six hours. They practically do not tolerate transportation.
Шелковица белая сорта Баронесса – это листопадное a dioecious plant. The dense, well-glossy crown has a spherical shape. Flowers are dioecious. They have a light color and form a spicate inflorescence. Large berries, a size of 3.5 cm and a diameter of 1.5 cm, are densely painted black. A fragrant complex drupe has a sweet pleasant taste. Unlike the previous variety, fruits are relatively transportable. Shelf life is twelve hours. The variety is high-yielding.
The harvest period is June-July. This mulberry is unpretentious plant with high frost resistance. Silkworm in the middle zone of Russia perfectly winter.
Mulberry Smuglyanka - tall sprawlinga tree that has a pyramidal crown. Large fruits reach three centimeters. Black berries are very juicy. The taste is excellent. Slightly acidic taste does not spoil the berries. This variety is less wintery than the Baroness. In winter, the branches can freeze. An unpretentious plant has a high yield. Fruit ripening is at the beginning of July.
In addition to fruit species, there are morefour hundred decorative forms. Varieties of mulberry differ in the form and color of the crown and foliage. These are spectacular plants that are used in landscape design. Woody-shrub compositions, alleys and hedges are excellent, including mulberry trees. Their delicate crown is perfectly combined with evergreen plants.
A low-tree tree or shrub reachesheight and width up to three meters. It has a very decorative appearance. The elongated branches of the mulberry tree hang down. This form is indispensable in landscape design and will be an ornament of any garden.
Dark green large leaves, the length of which can bebe eight to twenty centimeters, have a heart-shaped form. In the autumn period they become yellow. Flowering period is in May-June. Fruits mulberry with a few fruits. They are edible and have a pleasant sweetish taste.
In addition, there are globular,raschenchenstvolnaya, Tatar and golden forms of white mulberry. Each of them has its own merits and is widely used for single or group landings.
Часто дачники не решаются сажать тутовники, так as in a small section of space is limited. "Is my garden suitable for fashionable exotics?" - this question arises in gardeners when choosing this or that type of giant-long-liver.
Cultivation of mulberry provides severalways of forming a plant that will allow you to limit the height. A tall, powerful sprawling tree requires a larger area of food. Planting of mulberries is carried out according to the scheme of 5 x 6 m. With the restriction of the height of mulberry and growing in the form of a bush, the scheme is different and amounts to 2 x 3 m. The mulberry is unpretentious. It grows equally well both in unfavorable urban conditions and in suburban suburban areas. Well lit should be a corner of the garden in which the mulberry will grow. Planting and caring for mulberry trees conform to the generally accepted rules for fruit trees. Planted seedlings in early spring. The planting site should be such that it does not damage the root system. For better rooting, a mixture of humus and sand is added to the well. Abundantly watered and sprinkled with soil pitches. Around the trunk of the seedlings the soil is mulched with peat. In autumn, planting is carried out a month and a half before the onset of frost.
Care is to remove weeds, looseningsoil and regular watering. It is especially important to monitor the newly planted plants. The presence of weeds, which are destructive for plants, is not allowed in tree trunks. Regular weeding and mulching with humus or peat will contribute to their normal and rapid growth. During the summer season organic and mineral fertilizers are applied. This agrotechnical technique is very important for the normal development of the mulberry and obtaining good yields. Fertilization is carried out during the blooming of the kidneys. One square meter requires fifty grams of nitrophoska. After applying the fertilizer, the soil is watered heavily. In early July, stop watering. During this period, feeding should also not be carried out. Enhanced nutrition will contribute to the growth of young shoots, which will freeze in winter.
So that the tree does not grow tall and look likegroomed, his crown is formed, limiting the growth of three meters. In addition, young last year's growth in winter can freeze. They must be deleted. Pruning mulberry does not have individual characteristics. Sanitary and rejuvenating techniques are performed, following the generally accepted recommendations for fruit trees and shrubs. Mulberry tree perfectly tolerates a haircut. This technique should be regular. Annually thinning the crown. In this case, affected are affected by disease, damaged and weak branches. Also cut off the crossing shoots.
Mulberry white ripens in summer.Ripe fruit is suitable for obtaining seeds. After harvesting, some berries are left in the sun. They are slightly overripe. Then they are placed in a container for several days.
Juicy fruit should sour.Then they are ground in water. The full seeds sink to the bottom of the tank. This mass is wiped through a fine sieve. The seeds are dried. During the year they must be used. They quickly lose their germination.
There are several ways of obtaining youngplants. Seed reproduction is possible. Begin this method by stratification. Seeds are kept at zero or five degrees for a month. Prepare a greenhouse. In early April it will be sown with mulberry. Reproduction in this way allows us to have forty centimeters seedlings already in the autumn period.
Чтобы сохранить материнские признаки того или another type, vaccination will be more effective. This method is more complicated. It requires careful selection of material for reproduction. Winter vaccination of mulberry is often used. As a stock, young plants of frost-resistant mulberry cultivars grown from seeds are used. They are excavated and stored in wet sawdust. The storage temperature should be zero degrees. Privoy are also stored in wet sawdust. After the vaccination, the planting material is placed in boxes and kept at a temperature of twenty-five degrees. After that, they are stored in wet sawdust at zero temperature until spring.
Mulberry vaccination is performed in springon last year's rootstocks. This event falls on the period before bud break. Used cuttings, cut in the fall. They are stored throughout the winter period in wet sawdust at zero temperature.
You can graft in the summer. To do this, use the procurement of the current year.
Посадочный материал заготавливают во второй decade of june. Suitable green shoots, the length of which is at least fifteen centimeters. They are cut from not woody branches. The blanks are processed by removing the lower leaves and shortening the upper ones by half. Before rooting, the cuttings are incubated for six hours in an aqueous solution of heteroauxin.
Or put them in a mixture of sand and peat, whichMoisturize with this solution. Green cuttings rooted in closed ground. The main condition is high humidity. To create a greenhouse effect, produce a shelter with plastic wrap.
Like any crop, white mulberry is susceptible to infection. Diseases such as bacteriosis, powdery mildew and root rot can affect it.
In the spring, carry out preventive spraying of wood with special preparations.
A lot of pests in the mulberry tree.Hruschi, a bear, a mulberry barbel, a wireworm and a spider mite damage various parts of the plant. To combat them use mechanical and chemical methods. In the autumn, be sure to clean and burn the fallen leaves.
White mulberry is characterized by stretchedfruiting period. Berries ripen unevenly. On the one hand, this is good. For a longer period, the mulberry tree will rejoice with ripe juicy fruits. However, ripe fruit should be removed in a timely manner. Virtually all varieties of white mulberry are poorly stored. They are not transportable. In case of delay in harvesting, the berries fall off, which leads to their deterioration. After removal, the fruit is immediately processed or consumed fresh.
Healing properties of mulberry are known for a long time.Eating fresh berries helps to improve the general condition of the person. White mulberry helps to normalize the work of the nervous system. It is included in diets for weight loss. Low-calorie berries perfectly normalizes metabolism. In addition, the plant cleanses the intestines and promotes the removal of toxins. Mulberry is most often consumed fresh. It is also subjected to cooking. It is suitable for prefabrication. You can make juices, syrups, jams and marmalades. Wines and tinctures have an exquisite taste. It is also dried. In this form, it is used instead of sugar. The white mulberry is irreplaceable in cosmetology. It is included in the composition of various masks for hair, face and body.
However, with all virtues we should not forgetabout the individual characteristics of the organism. As with any drug, the use of mulberry has contraindications. Excessive use can harm. Do not advise berries to use diabetics. For them, dried mulberry leaves will be more beneficial.
