Chainsaw is a tool designed forWood processing with the mechanical energy of the combustible fuel. Among the main elements in the design can be identified chain, tire and engine. Thanks to them, fuel energy is converted into a mechanical one, which allows to significantly reduce the work load.
Конструкция, которая используется в современных saws, appeared in the IX century. However, only in the XX century. people began to apply a variety of types of drives, which made it possible to simplify and speed up the process of sawing wood.
Unfortunately, reliable information about whoinvented a chainsaw, does not exist. It is known that the first person to start using a chainsaw on a fuel engine is Andreas Steele. In honor of him, one of the best brands is named. The chain saw "Calm" will be considered a little lower.
The main types of saws include 3 types:
It consists of the following components:
When choosing a tool, you need to pay attention to the weight, power, the presence of protective devices and auxiliary elements.
Vibration protection and start-up help
The fluctuations arising at work, very strongly affect human health. Especially suffer joints. The vibration protection system allows you to maintain your health and improve your working comfort.
The start system allows you to stop the chainsaw for some periods of time and easily start it if necessary. It helps a lot when you have to move often between trees.
Adjusting the carburetor
Mostly chainsaws do not needadvanced settings. But sometimes adjusting screws and levers are used to improve performance. They are necessary for the installation of optimum operating speed.
The company is the most popular and sought after. You should consider the design on a specific model of this manufacturer.
STIHL MS 180 is used for working with trees andtimber harvesting. Its weight is about 4 kg, length is 0.35 m and power is 1.5 kW. The power comes from a gasoline engine that runs on fuel with an octane rating of 90 and is diluted by half with oil.
The device of the chainsaw "Shtil-180" is no different from most other brands and has the following structural elements:
In the city of Perm produced one of the mostcommon brands of chainsaws. This is a professional tool that is designed to perform heavy work. But it is allowed to use it in more simple conditions. According to the data sheet, the instrument can be operated at temperatures from -40 to +40 degrees.
For refueling, a mixture of A-72 or A-93 gasoline fuel with engine oil is used.
Chainsaw device:
Like the Ural chainsaw, it consists of the basic elements that are common to all tools. These are the engine, fuel tank, tire with chain, gearbox, frame and start control system.
Also in the design are additional nodes. It is a crankshaft with a connecting rod, a coupling with a master and a driven disc, a cooling system, power supply and ignition.
В пиле установлен двухтактовый бензиновый engine. The fuel is in the main tank, and the oil is in the additional one. However, these chainsaws can not be refilled with clean gasoline. A mixture diluted with oil in the required proportions is used. Due to this, lubrication of all working parts of the saw occurs.
Before starting work, check the tensionchains. If it sags, it should be tightened. This will extend the life of the sprocket, tire and shock absorbers. For an improved start-up, a brake with a handle, a lever for adjusting the valve and a starter cord are used.
This is one of the leading companies thatspecializes in the production of household and semi-professional tools. The most popular and popular models are the Partner 350S and P351 XT CHROME. They perfectly will be suitable for works at the dacha, in the village or the private house.
The body of the saw consists of light plastic, and the crankcase is made of metal. This allows the lower part of the tool to be protected for a longer period of time.
Anti-vibration system allows you to reduce recoil, and handles convenient form provide a comfortable grip. The cylinder is made of chrome. It improves heat dissipation and increases engine life.
The supercharger is located above the tank. It allows you to speed up the process of starting a chainsaw. A fuel injection pump removes air from the carburetor.
The chain brake is activated automatically or, if necessary, can be activated manually.
It is a leader in the manufacture of amateur instruments, which also produces semi-professional models. The device of the chainsaw can be considered on the example of Husqvarna 570.
Consists of the following nodes and elements:
Over time, the chain starts to wear out and workslows down a lot. Recognizing that sharpening is required is easy. Increased effort, shavings become shallow, and the working part ceases to climb into the wood.
Sharpening is given much attention. This process requires skill and endurance. It depends on the shape of the tooth and the type of wood that will be sawn.
File sharpening is the easiestand economical way. Clamps and patterns are used as devices. The first one helps keep the tire stationary, and the second one selects and fixes the correct angle. After this, the risk of doing something wrong is reduced, because in the process of sharpening the piece moves along the tire with the help of rollers.
The choice of file depends on the size of the chain. With the help of a flat tooth is removed limiter.
An important condition is to maintain a certain angle of sharpening. To do this, some manufacturers leave tags on which the process is easy to control.
Sometimes the cutting edge loses its shape, andyou cannot restore it with a file. If you do not use another device, chainsaw repair will be needed in the very near future. Improper use of the chain will lead to inevitable breakdowns.
In such cases, use a sharpening machine. It is a manual and electric drive. After removing and fixing the chain, as well as selecting the right angle, you can proceed to the process.
There are several ways to sharpen.Consistent implies that each tooth is processed separately and one after another. The difference is only in polarity. When sharpening through a tooth, every second is processed, while the polarity is preserved.
В крупносерийном производстве используется automatic sharpening of the chain. The method is the fastest and most popular. The saw is fixed in the machine with the grindstone and turns on. The chain begins to move and sharpen. This method is simple, quick and does not require special skills.
Sharpening the chain using grinders.Many people call this method barbaric and rude. But if they master it, then it will become very effective and popular. It will take a circle to work on metal with already inserted edges and a wooden layer. It is installed between the chain and the tire.
With a good eye meter and an experienced hand, the number of notches can be large, which will allow the saw to work longer.
This method has significant advantages over others. It allows you to reduce time, effort and money.
Among the disadvantages when sharpening a file can highlight the need for a large amount of time and rapid tool wear.
When using the manual machine it is impossible to grind down a chain to a great depth. This will reduce the power and strength of the teeth.
After sharpening, the chain should be cleaned with compressed air and allowed to rest for several hours.
The method requires a large expenditure of time and effort, as well as large cash investments. In addition, it is necessary to have several interchangeable chains in order not to interrupt the work schedule.
Using the grinder should be veryattentive and careful. With a lack of experience, you can not only damage the circuit, but also injure yourself. Before you take the grinder in hand, you should provide yourself with personal protective equipment.
Undoubtedly, European manufacturing companiesChainsaws are market leaders in any country. The products are of high quality, reliability and long service life. However, its cost is above average.
Therefore, you should pay attention to companies that produce budget options. The device of the Chinese chainsaw may be slightly worse, and cost less.
If the tool is needed for small jobs ingarden or on the dacha, it is not necessary to purchase an expensive and heavy professional model. The Chinese version is perfect for home. It is much easier to operate, not so heavy, and the cost is much cheaper than European firms.
