The modern market provides a huge choicedifferent equipment for greenhouses. Among them: automatic watering, humidity control, independent heating and much more. Caring for plants is without a doubt very important. But to achieve the desired effect without proper ventilation is very difficult.
In order to maintain the optimum climate in a greenhouse or greenhouse, it is necessary to ensure air circulation. This process can be automated by installing automatic machines for ventilating greenhouses.
Modern ventilation systems
Certainly, it is possible to ventilate the greenhouse with the old oneproven method - manually, but still more convenient option is the installation of automatic systems. Modern systems can be divided into the following categories:
- Automated volatile.
- Automated non-volatile.
The first work, as a rule, from the sourcepower (for example, power). Some of them use alternative energy sources (solar batteries, wind generators, etc.). The basis of such devices are thermal relays. This mechanism drives the electric fans. The latter, in turn, serve fresh air in the greenhouse.
The advantages of such automation for greenhouses include the following advantages:
- Compatibility with designs of any size;
- compactness of the device;
- The ventilation is carried out only at a certain time or according to the readings of the sensors.
It is important to note that all volatile structures are high-tech.
The following drawbacks of such systems stand out:
- complexity in repair (in case of failure of only one component, it is necessary to repair the entire mechanism);
- In the event of a power failure, the machine will not work, causing the plants to die.
In order to properly select the ventilation system, you should pay attention to:
- The size of the greenhouse and its construction.
- Number and area of the pane. If it is not possible to install one large (which occupies 1/5 of the total area of the roof), several small ones should be opened at once.
- The carrying capacity of the device, which must correspond to the weight of the vent.
Autonomous systems for ventilation
To autonomous ventilation systems, greenhouses include:
- Bimetallic.Such a device consists of two metal bands, which, in turn, have different coefficients of temperature expansion. They overlap and join at the ends. When the temperature rises, one of the bands changes its position - it arches. The sufficient area of the unstable plate creates a great effort, and the window opens. If you add a piston device to such a design, you can build a stand-alone device that will work without a power source. When the temperature decreases, the plate cools and returns to its original position. Accordingly, the window closes.
- Hydraulic.
- Pneumatic.
Advantages and disadvantages of autonomous systems
Advantages of bimetallic automatic machines for ventilation of greenhouses are:
- Availability in the price category;
- no need to connect to a power source.
The main disadvantages are:
- small power;
- The difficulty in selecting the optimum temperature for the correct functioning of the machine.
Hydraulic airing for greenhouses
Hydraulic automatic machine for ventilation of greenhousesIt works by changing the volume of the working fluid inside the vessel. Volume, in turn, varies under the influence of ambient temperature. When it rises, the liquid pushes the piston to a certain height, thereby opening the window. During cooling, the reverse process occurs.
As the fluid expands faster than it contracts, the closing process occurs "with delay". This phenomenon is called inertia and is the main drawback of these systems.
At installation it is necessary to pay attention to a placelocation of the machine - it is best to fix it at the top of the greenhouse. In this case, airing will occur faster, and cold air will not harm plants.
Advantages and disadvantages of hydraulic systems
Such equipment for greenhouses has the following advantages:
- for its operation does not need power sources;
- there is no need to control the operation of the apparatus;
- hydraulic system can be built at home;
- when using automatic equipment there are no unpleasant sounds and smells;
- even with an open window, you can perform work in the greenhouse.
The main disadvantages of the hydraulic system are:
It is important to know that the hydraulics take into account the point temperature (that is, the one where the system is installed), and not the average greenhouse.
Pneumatic ventilators. Advantages and disadvantages
Machines of this type work on a simpleprinciple: heated air from an airtight container is supplied to the piston through a pipe. The piston, moving, opens the window. When the temperature decreases, the reverse process occurs - the cooled air is compressed and returns through the tube into the cavity of the container. The piston returns to the place, and the window is closed. The greenhouse with automatic ventilation has the following advantages:
- complete independence from power sources;
- high performance;
- simplicity in installation and operation;
- low cost.
Also distinguish the following disadvantages:
- large dimensions of the installation;
- high inertia;
- the pneumatic system responds strongly to changes in atmospheric pressure.
It is important to note that such an installation is almost impossible to make yourself.
Thermal drive. The principle of operation and features
Thermal drive, for example "Dusya Sun", is seton the windows of the greenhouse. It is also suitable for opening end greenhouses. This unit works without using power supplies. In the cylinder there is a special liquid, which is compressed or expanded, depending on the ambient temperature.
When the temperature rises, the working fluid"Pushes" the piston to a height of up to 12 cm. At this moment the process of opening the greenhouse occurs. When the temperature decreases, the reverse process occurs - the fluid is compressed, and the piston returns to its place.
Such a greenhouse ventilation system operates in the range from 16 to 25 ° C. These are the temperatures that will be maintained inside the greenhouse.
Thermal drive can open vents weighing up to 7 kg.
The package includes: the cylinder itself, levers and necessary connections, user manual.
The installation process does not cause any difficulties even for a beginner: it is enough just to fasten the thermal cylinder between the greenhouse and the window leaf.
How to wind the greenhouse manually
In order to build automatics for greenhouses with your own hands, you will need:
- vessels (banks of 3000 and 800 ml);
- covers;
- drill.
The construction process is quite simple:first, fill a larger vessel with water (800 ml) and roll it up with a lid. Next, in the center of the lid, make a hole and insert a brass tube. The distance from the bottom to the beginning of the tube should not exceed 2-3 mm.
The hole around the tube is carefully treated with sealant. The cover for the second vessel should be nylon. It also makes a hole, which is carefully sealed.
The output end of the first vessel is held almost to the bottom of a smaller can (2-3 mm from the bottom).
After the “manual” opener is ready, leave it in a warm, dry place until the sealant fully cures.
In order for the usual structure to become a greenhouse with automatic ventilation, you can build another device. This will require:
- metal canister;
- cylindrical vessel;
- balloon;
- material for the manufacture of the piston (foam or metal rod);
- rubber pipe;
- glue;
- sealant;
- Scotch tape (better assembly);
- bobbin sewing machine;
- cord or fishing line.
Assembling the machine comes down to a few simple steps:
- First you need to paint the canister (preferably in a dark matte color). Then in the lid you need to make a hole under the nozzle. All openings are sealed carefully.
- Next, you should make a cylinder.To do this, a suitable pipe size is rolled out of polycarbonate. The ends of the pipe are worked through with glue. The bottom for the cylinder is made of the same material. A hole is made in the center of the bottom to accommodate the stem. Then you should make a cylinder cover. The stem guide can be made from a plastic tube. For fixing parts used glue. The lid is better to make removable.
- For the manufacture of pneumatic piston machinefor airing greenhouses using an inflatable balloon, tape and stock material. Stick the tape on the stock, then put on the balloon. A circle of suitable diameter is cut from the foam. Its ends should be pasted over with scotch tape. When selecting the diameter, it is important to take into account the size of the glass, and to reduce friction between them, the surface of the walls is treated with petroleum jelly. At this stage it is necessary to attach a rod to the foam circle.
- Последним шагом станет изготовление коромысла и assembly design. In this case, the rocker will serve as platinum with holes at the ends. The smaller hole is designed for fastening the transfer string, and the larger hole is for attaching to the axle (a nail can be used for the axle).
The assembly order is as follows:
- The receiver is mounted under the ceiling of the greenhouse.
- The cylinder is mounted in any convenient place.
- The pulley is attached on the wall or on a separate tripod.
Next, from the yoke to the desired vent is fed to the transfer tape (string) and the system is configured.
It consists in the following:
- The pipe connects to the ball, which is inflated, and then connected to the receiver.
- After should install the piston.
It is important to note that the setting of the mechanism should be carried out at an ambient temperature of 15 to 18 ° C.
Automatic machines for airing greenhouses. Overview
The most popular in the modern market are:
- Autovent XL. The English device is designed to open small vents (up to 5.5 kg) to a height of up to 30.5 cm. The machine operates at a temperature of 12 ° C.
- Autovent MK-7. It has the same characteristics as the previous one. The difference is in the design: Autovent MK-7 is reinforced immediately by three springs.
- The powerful Danish unit "Megavent" opens the vents to a height of 45 cm. The weight of the raised structure can be up to 24 kg.
- Super Autovent MK-7 является популярным автоматом for airing greenhouses. Its characteristics are as follows: lifting capacity - up to 16 kg, opening height of the vents - up to 45 cm. It is worth noting that in this unit you can independently adjust the operating temperature range.
- Система автоматики «Туймазы» предназначена для installation on both the window and the door. It is worth noting the unusual carrying capacity, which is 100 kg. At the same time, the window vent rises to a height of 40 cm. The operating temperature range is from 16 to 25 ° C.
- "Dusya Sun". Is in an affordable price range and is considered quite effective and reliable machine.
- The Upofar hydraulic cylinder is also able to withstandlarge pane weight and a fairly wide range of operating temperatures. It should be noted that after installation the cylinder does not need maintenance and repair for about 5 years.
- Danish "Gigavent."The device for ventilation of greenhouses can lift 30-pound window leaves to a height of up to 45 cm. The device is also equipped with an anti-tear system and can be easily mounted on any type of window leaves.
Automatic machines for airing greenhouses. Reviews
The most popular are the following systems:
- "Banking".The self-made design consists of two cylindrical vessels - cans. Volume 3000 and 800 grams respectively. Homemade design is widespread among users. The main advantages are: availability in materials and price range, ease of installation and operation. The disadvantage is that such a system is intended only for air vents that open along the horizontal axis.
- "Dusya Sun". Thermal drive possesses positive qualities:the installation process is very simple, and if properly installed, the device will last for many years. Among the disadvantages are the poor resistance to strong wind and low temperatures. Also, the thermal actuator does not withstand loads of more than 7 kg.
- Hydraulic machine for airing greenhousesUfopar also deserves special attention. The main advantages are: no need for adjustment, the stability of the cylinder to temperature extremes. Accordingly, there is no need to remove it for the winter period (in order for the mechanism not to work, it is enough to tighten only one nut). "Ufopar" reacts to a change in the ambient temperature, therefore, the process of opening and closing the vents occurs several times a day. The main disadvantages are: difficulty in the selection of the installation site and installation, a large weight of the structure.
- Automatic machine for airing greenhouses"Opener-Suite". Customer reviews report that this device takes into account the ambient temperature and regulates the height of the opening of the window. Also, the machine is suitable for any design. At the same time, the vent window can open to a height of up to 45 cm. A positive point is the possibility of installing a ventilator on any vent window (both ceiling and front) and on the door. Installation of automation is simple and can be done even by a novice. Among the shortcomings highlight the cost and size.
- Thermal drive T-34.A modern device has the following advantages: increased service life, complete autonomy, simplicity of design. Also, the thermal actuator is quite powerful and able to open vents weighing up to 10 kg. T-34 operates at an ambient temperature of 24 ° C. The machine is suitable for any kind of modern greenhouses. The disadvantages are: high cost, overall size and the need for dismantling for the cold season.
When choosing equipment for automatic opening of the vents or doors, one should take into account not only the parameters of the greenhouse, but also the climate zone, the type of plants and the season.
