Thyroid gland is one of the most importantcomponents of the endocrine system of the body. It constantly falls under the influence of various adverse factors, which leads to a violation of its performance. The hormones it produces can control a variety of processes in the body. Consequently, a disruption in the thyroid gland causes imbalance and pathological changes in all systems and tissues.
The three most important hormones are thyroxine, triiodothyronine andCalcitonin is released directly into the blood. Their development occurs in the epithelial layer of the thyroid gland. The first two of the three listed hormones contain iodine. Insufficient or excessive amount of this element in water and food, which a person consumes, causes diseases related to the capacity of the thyroid gland.
The development of thyroid-stimulating hormones can beis rejected both in the big, and in the smaller party. The performance of organs and body systems in this case is significantly different, up to the complete opposite. Even if the thyroid gland is enlarged, the symptoms may be different. Correctly diagnose the disease can be by external indicators and laboratory research.
Hyperthyroidism or thyrotoxicosis is characterized byincreased production of hormones. It is not difficult to calculate the disease of the thyroid gland. Hormones poison the body with excessive iodine. A person is excited, emotional, nervous. He has sweating, tremor of hands, palpitation, arrhythmia, thinness, not associated with appetite.
It is assumed that the disease hashereditary predisposition and affects mostly women. Such selectivity is associated with the fact that women are subject to constant hormonal changes that are associated with various processes, such as lactation, pregnancy, menstruation.
An exacerbation of the disease maysevere emotional shocks, brain trauma, viral diseases, or a disruption in the work of the hypothalamic-pituitary system. External factors also matter. For example, the decisive influence on the development of hyperthyroidism can have an excessive amount of iodine, which enters the body with food.
Excess hormones entering the blood, changebalance in metabolism. The body stops absorbing carbohydrates and uses fat tissue heavily. In severe cases, the "thyroid heart" develops, due to circulatory failure, while the thyroid gland is enlarged, the ultrasound confirms the diagnosis.
In the development of the disease, many eyeSymptoms such as a rare flashing, the inability to fix a sight on closely located objects, etc. In diagnostics it is important to understand that if the thyroid gland is enlarged, the causes and consequences can be very diverse. They require a clear differentiation.
Hypothyroidism is a disease caused by lowthe level of hormones in the blood. The thyroid gland is enlarged, the symptoms are completely opposite to thyrotoxicosis, but this disease does not become less serious. The patient is braked, swollen, has poor memory, heart rate is lower than normal, in severe cases, dementia may develop, up to cretinism.
The degree of development of hormonal insufficiencyalmost never comparable to complaints and requires clinical diagnosis. The first symptoms of a problem with the thyroid gland are described by patients as hair loss, lethargy, a constant desire to sleep.
When examining the tongue, its pronouncededema and traces of teeth along the edges. Nasal breathing is difficult. The hearing, sight, voice becomes hoarse. These manifestations are associated with swelling of all organs and tissues. Thyroid gland enlarged. Symptoms of cardiovascular damage are reflected in the ECG.
For women myxedema is dangerous manifestationinfertility, due to the defeat of the ovaries. In addition, the development of anemia is characteristic of hypothyroidism. Severe development of the disease, if not taken any measures, can lead to myxedematous coma and then - death.
In addition to these deviations, otherprerequisites that affect the enlargement of the thyroid gland. Causes, symptoms of the increase determines the endocrinologist, based on anamnesis, external manifestations of the disease and the study of blood on hormones. As a result, the doctor can make a diagnosis that is different from hypothyroidism or thyrotoxicosis, for example, nodular goiter or thyroid adenoma. A malignant tumor is possible, which also affects the thyroid gland. Symptoms of pathology are quite typical.
Clinical manifestations are similar in many respects tothyrotoxicosis, since the disease itself is caused by an increased amount of thyrotropic in the blood. However, there is a difference. With nodular goiter there are no ophthalmic disorders and some other manifestations.
The causes of this disease are not completelystudied. It is believed that there is a genetic predisposition and an unfavorable ecological situation. In the presence of multiple sites, a fine needle biopsy method should be used to exclude a cancer tumor.
Symptoms and Diagnosis of Thyroid Diseasesglands have a direct connection, but should be supported by general information about the living conditions of a sick person, and also rely on the results of laboratory research.
Thus, for example, sporadic goiter produces a clinicala picture similar to endemic. At the same time the thyroid gland is enlarged. Symptoms, complaints are reduced to a common syndrome, which reveals the pathological nature of the process. The correct diagnosis helps to provide a detailed history and biopsy of the gland material.
Disease, in which the additionalthyroid gland, while the normal - is absent. There are different localizations of this pathology. It can be sublingual, retrosternal, vestibular, etc. Squeezing adjacent organs, the tumor causes passing symptoms: difficulty breathing, swallowing, hoarseness, etc. In order to distinguish the aberrant goiter from any other, research is carried out. A decisive role in the diagnosis is played by radioisotope scanning.
If a characteristic increasethyroid, symptoms and treatment of the increase should be monitored by a leading endocrinologist. He will determine the possibility of a conservative approach to treatment, which is desirable. Iodine preparations or hormone replacement therapy will be prescribed.
This is done in order to maximizeworkload from the patient's gland. It ceases to mobilize additional capabilities of the body to compensate for its insufficiency, thereby relieving vital systems such as respiratory, nervous, cardiovascular.
When neglected thyroid diseasesigns, symptoms can be severe enough and require surgical intervention. Patients are assigned radioactive iodine. The degree of intervention can be different: from complete removal of the diseased organ to resection of the affected part or part thereof.
Timely treatment of thyroid gland diseases,as a rule, provides a favorable prognosis for recovery. In order to prevent, especially in regions with a complex endemic situation, it is necessary to regularly undergo an examination with an endocrinologist.
