In most cases, modern private homesare built not from natural "breathing" materials, but from those made by artificial means, absolutely not allowing air to pass through. Therefore, a self-built or purchased country cottage must necessarily be equipped with a ventilation system. This will make life in the house much more pleasant and comfortable.
Designing ventilation of the cottage is worth starting with choosing the type of equipment itself. After all, country houses can have a different layout and area. A modern ventilation system can be:
The correct choice of equipment will make the air exchange in the premises as efficient as possible without overrun in terms of electricity consumption.
Climatic equipment of this type is usuallyis installed in small cottages. With the use of supply ventilation, it is possible to make the air in a country house much cleaner and fresh even without much expense. Equipment of this type can be:
This kind of equipment is also usuallyUsed in small houses or in buildings constructed of "breathing" material, for example, the same beam or log. Exhaust ventilation in the cottage can be used for both air circulation and for removing various odors or moisture from the premises. Its main constructive element is an installation designed for pumping polluted air from rooms to the street. Most often this is a normal fan. There are only two kinds of such systems:
This is the most effective type of ventilation,used in cottages most often. In this case, both types of plants are installed - both supply and exhaust. The air circulates through specially laid highways. Most often in our time in the country houses are mounted supply and exhaust ventilation with recuperator. With the use of such a system, you can not only make living in a house more comfortable, but also minimize the cost of heating.
Ventilation of the cottage using thisThe additional device does not lead to overcooling of air in the premises in winter. The recuperator is actually a special design that takes heat from the air removed from the premises and gives it to the incoming.
The assembly of equipment of this variety is nothingespecially complex does not represent itself. Most often in private houses, not even an in-line installation is installed, but simply valves. The latter are pieces of plastic pipes insulated from inside with mineral wool. For their installation, holes in the walls are simply made. Outside, each valve is closed with a mosquito net.
In the room on the pipes are mountedspecial plastic headers with a filter and a damper. These devices allow you to regulate the intensity of the incoming airflow from the street. The result is, in fact, natural ventilation in the cottage. After all, no energy-consuming equipment is used in this case.
The duct ventilation system should be installed inThe cottage, of course, is a little more complicated. In this case, a supply installation is installed in the basement or in the attic. Valves are also inserted into the walls. But in this case, they are connected not to the headings, but to the mains that lead the air into the rooms. The result is a very efficient supply ventilation of the cottage.
The simplest construction equipment of thistype is usually installed in the kitchen - above the gas stove. The hood is attached to the wall either on brackets or on self-tapping screws. Next, it is simply connected to the mains by three wires (phase, zero and ground).
In bathrooms and kitchens is often installed andgeneral exhaust ventilation system. It is a normal riser, walled into the attic or roof. To increase the efficiency of such a system, many home owners additionally use an exhaust fan. The latter is mounted directly into the riser outlet. The procedure in this case is as follows:
In the bathroom door below, when using such a supplement in the riser, make a hole for the air intake and close it with a grid.
When buying a supply and supply and exhaust systemventilation of the owner of the cottage in the first place should determine its performance. Also it will be necessary to decide which kind of ducts to buy. Today there are only two types of them on sale: rigid and flexible. The second option for self-installation is best suited. The fact is that flexible air ducts are much easier to pull on the floors and behind the lining. After all, in this case, you do not need to make too many knees and joints.
Calculation of ventilation of the cottage is as follows:
The last indicator is determined in dependencefrom the type of room. For residential rooms, the multiplicity according to the norms should be 1-2 volumes per hour. That is, the result V obtained in this case must be multiplied by 1 or 2.
In the technical characteristics of supply and exhaustinstallations usually indicate their maximum performance. After joining the ducts, this figure can be significantly reduced (by about 20-30%). This should be taken into account when choosing an installation. Too much equipment to buy is not worth it. All modern air handling units have a fan speed control function. Using it, you can achieve a faster or slower air exchange in the premises.
The ventilation methods described abovesuitable only for very small cottages or for houses of considerable area, but erected from wood or foam blocks. In a large residential suburban building in 2-3 floors with brick or concrete walls, you need to install a complex supply and exhaust ventilation. In this case, it is first necessary to draw up a project for laying the system's mains and determine the location of the installation. The ventilation of the cottage of this species is mounted in several stages. At arrangement the following are performed:
The procedure should be approximately the same,as in the case of installing a duct ventilation duct system. That is, previously in the walls are made holes for insulated with mineral wool valves. After installing the latter, the supply lines join them. In the rooms they are drawn according to the draft. In the premises, the supply air ducts are usually removed at a height of about 30-40 cm from the floor level. The laying of the main roads is carried out behind the walls and on the floors. Strengthen them to the structural elements of the house for special clamps. In this case, the ducts are diluted with tees using sleeves.
According to the regulations, one output of the supplyThe main line can be 2-3 rooms. In this case, however, the layout of the building must be taken into account. At the same time in the doors of those rooms, where the air ducts do not directly fit, openings with decorative gratings must be made.
Exhaust air from the premisestrunks are displayed at a distance of 30-40 cm from the ceiling. The device of ventilation in a cottage in most cases assumes such an arrangement of sleeves. This is due to the fact that the warm exhaust air, as is known, always rises upward.
Actually, the equipment itself, responsible forsupply and discharge of air, most often located in the attic of the house. But sometimes the supply and exhaust system is located in the basement of the cottage. Mount this equipment should be on a level-adjusted horizontal stable surface. Ducts to the installation are connected through the branch pipes. What kind of output you need to connect to, you can see in the instructions attached to the equipment.
Sometimes ventilation of the cottage is supplemented and thiselement. Its installation is not mandatory. However, experts recommend installing the heater. This device is intended for additional heating of cold air coming from the street in winter. Among other things, if there is a heater in the system on the recuperator, no ice is formed (which is a sick place in the supply and exhaust systems).
Installation of this equipment involvesconnection to the supply main and the energy source. In systems of ventilation of small cottages electric heaters are usually used. They simply connect to the network. Water models used in systems of cottages from 150 m2, cut into the wiring of the heating system.
Install supply and exhaust ventilation incottage if desired, you can and with your own hands. Technologically, the procedure is relatively simple. But the design of ventilation of this type of cottage is still to be entrusted to specialists. This will not only save on the number of installed ducts, but also avoid any sort of unnecessary problems in the future. The fact is that the slightest oversight in the design can lead to the fact that the system will work ineffectively, and at the same time it will prove to be an energy-consuming one. In addition, various errors in choosing the location of the laying of highways can cause worse problems, for example, the smell of a toilet in the kitchen or bedroom.
If desired, the supply and exhaust system canto improve, adding it and other types of climate equipment, filters, etc. Simultaneous ventilation and air conditioning of the cottage, for example, can make living in it as comfortable as possible. In this case, the special cooling air units, which come with the system itself, are usually used.
In residential areas, as mentioned above,the rate of air exchange should be 1-2 volumes per hour. For swimming pools, this figure is four. After all, the air in this room is always very wet, which negatively affects the finishing of walls, floors and ceilings, various kinds of equipment, household appliances, etc.
In order to ensure a comfortable stay in theit is important to properly design its ventilation system. To prevent humid air from entering this room into adjacent rooms, it must be ensured that the amount of air withdrawn is slightly larger than that of the incoming air. In this case, the dry streams from the nearby rooms, on the contrary, begin to flow into the pool.
Among other things, install ventilationThe pool in the cottage should be so that the windows are well blown. Otherwise, in the cold season, the windows will start to mist up, resulting in ice on the frames and doors.
Self-assembly of the supply and exhaust system- it's possible. However, in most cases, owners of cottages prefer to delegate this work to specialists. Order the project of ventilation of the cottage and installation of the system is usually possible for the same company that sells this kind of climatic equipment. The cost of performing the work in this case will depend on the performance of the installation. Below is an approximate list of prices for a similar service:
For the laying of rigid air ducts will have to pay about 350 rubles / m, flexible - 100 rubles / m. Sometimes the heating system may additionally be warmed. Such work costs about 100 rubles / m.
That's the way ventilation is going.cottage. The procedure is relatively simple, but requires accuracy and accuracy. And if the exhaust fan or the intake valve can still be mounted independently, then it’s worthwhile to start assembling complex systems with your own hands only in the most extreme cases. For arrangement of such ventilation it is better to hire experts.
