The musculoskeletal system is the basisorganism. The skeleton protects individual organs from mechanical damage, so the viability of the person as a whole depends on his condition. In our article we will look at the composition of bones, the features of their structure and substance that are necessary for their growth and development.
Костная является разновидностью соединительной tissue. It consists of specialized cells and a large amount of intercellular substance. In the aggregate, this structure is both durable and elastic. Hardness is given to bones, first of all, by specialized cells - osteocytes. They have many outgrowths with which they are interconnected.
Visually, osteocytes resemble the network. The intercellular substance is an elastic basis of bone tissue. It consists of collagen protein fibers, a mineral base.
Четвертую часть от всего химического состава bones is water. It is the basis for the flow of all metabolic processes. Inorganic substances give bones hardness. These are salts of calcium, sodium, potassium and magnesium, as well as phosphorus compounds. Their percentage is 50%.
To prove their value for a given species.fabric, you can spend a simple experience. To do this, the bone must be placed in a solution of hydrochloric acid. As a result, minerals will dissolve. The bone at the same time becomes so elastic that it can be tied in a knot.
25% от химического состава составляют organic matter. They are represented by elastic protein collagen. It gives this fabric elasticity. If you ignite the bone over low heat, the water will evaporate and the organic matter will burn. In this case, the bone will become brittle and may crumble.
The chemical composition of the bone tissue changes tothroughout a person's life. At a young age it is dominated by organic matter. During this period, the bones are flexible and soft. Therefore, with an incorrect body position and excessive loads, the skeleton may bend, causing a violation of posture. This can be prevented by systematic sports and physical activity.
С течением времени в костях увеличивается the amount of mineral salts. At the same time, they lose their elasticity. The hardness of the bones give mineral salts, which include calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, fluorine. But with excessive loads, they can lead to integrity problems and fractures.
Especially important is calcium for bones. Its mass in the human body is 1 kg in women and 1.5 kg in men.
99% of the total calcium is in the bones,forming a solid skeleton skeleton. The remaining percentage is blood. This macro is a building material of teeth and bones, a necessary condition for their growth and development.
In humans, calcium also regulatesthe work of muscle tissue, including heart. Together with magnesium and sodium, it affects the level of blood pressure, and with prothrombin - its coagulability.
От уровня кальция также зависит активизация enzymes that trigger the mechanism of neurotransmitter synthesis. These are biologically active substances through which the impulse is transmitted from the cell of the nervous tissue to the muscles. This macroelement also affects the activation of a number of enzymes that perform various functions: splitting of biopolymers, fat metabolism, synthesis of amylase and maltase.
Calcium enhances surface permeabilitycell apparatus, in particular their membranes. It is very important for the transport of various substances and maintaining homeostasis - the constancy of the internal environment of the body.
As you can see, a lack of calcium in the body cancause serious disruption to its functioning. Every day, the child should consume about 600 mg of this substance, an adult - 1000 mg. And for pregnant women and breastfeeding, this figure should be increased by one and a half to two times.
What foods are rich in calcium?First of all, it is a variety of dairy products: kefir, ryazhenka, sour cream, cottage cheese ... And the leader among them are hard cheeses. And the matter is not in the amount of calcium, but in its form. These products contain milk sugar - lactose, which promotes better absorption of this chemical element. The amount of calcium depends on the fat content. The smaller this indicator, the more it is in the dairy product.
Богаты кальцием и овощи.These are spinach, broccoli, cabbage and cauliflower. Of the nuts, the most valuable are almonds and Brazilian. The real storehouse of calcium is poppy seed and sesame. They are useful to use both raw and in the form of milk.
Eating wheat bran and baking from whole-wheat flour, soy cheese and milk, parsley leaves, dill, basil and mustard also contributes to an increase in calcium levels.
Как понять, что кальция в организме недостаточно for its normal development? The external manifestations of this are weakness, irritability, fatigue, dry skin, fragility of the nail plate. With a serious lack of calcium, there is tooth decay, cramps, pain and numbness of the extremities, impaired blood clotting, decreased immunity, tachycardia, development of cataracts, a tendency to frequent bone fractures. In such cases, it is necessary to donate blood and, if necessary, proceed to therapy.
So, the hardness of the bones give their mineral components. First of all, these are salts, which include calcium, magnesium and phosphorus.
