Among all the systems of the body, the CNS occupies a speciala place. The brain regulates all the functions that a person is endowed with. Thanks to him the interrelation between the work of organs and systems is realized. Without brain regulation, man would not be a viable being. Thanks to the coordinated activity of the CNS, we move, talk, think and feel external stimuli. The brain has a complex structure, each of its components is responsible for a specific function. Nevertheless, all its structures provide the work of our body only in the aggregate. Especially important formations that make up the CNS are the medulla oblongata and the variolium bridge. They contain the main vital centers (vascular, respiratory, cough, tear-separating), and also give rise to the majority of cranial nerves.
The structural unit of the CNS is the neuron.This cell is responsible for receiving, processing and storing information. The entire human brain is a cluster of neurons and their processes - axons and dendrites. They provide the transmission of signals coming into the central nervous system and back to the organs. The brain consists of gray and white matter. The first form neurons themselves, the second - their axons. The main structures of the brain are the hemisphere (left and right), the cerebellum and the trunk. The first are responsible for the human mind, its memory, thinking, imagination. The cerebellum is necessary for coordination of movements, in particular, it provides the ability to stand, walk, and take objects smoothly. Under it is the bridge of the varioles. It is the link between the medulla oblongata and the cerebellum.
The bridge is one of the parts of the hindbrain.Its length varies from 2.4 to 2.6 cm. The Varoliev Bridge has a mass of about 7 g. The structures that border it are the oblong and middle brain, the transverse groove. The main components of the variolium bridge are the upper and middle legs of the cerebellum, which are large conductive pathways. In front there is a basilar furrow containing arteries feeding the brain, and next to it there is a place for the exit of the trigeminal nerve. From the back of the varioles, the bridge forms the upper part of the rhomboid fossa, in which 6 and 7 of the cranial nerves are laid. At the top of the bridge there is the largest number of nuclei (5, 6, 7, 8). At the base of the bridge there are conductive descending ways: corticospinal, bulbar and bridge tracts.
The main functions of this body are:
Reticular formation is a branched network,It is located in the brain and consists of nerve cells and nuclei. It is present in almost all CNS formations and smoothly passes from one department to another. The reticular formation of the variolium bridge is located between the medulla oblongata and the medulla. Its long processes - axons, form a white matter and pass into the cerebellum. In addition, the fibers of the nerve cells of the bridge signals can be transferred from the head in the back. In addition, the reticular formation transmits signals to the cortex of the cerebral hemispheres, due to which the awakening or sleep of a person occurs. The nuclei located in this part of the bridge belong to the center of the respiration located in the medulla oblongata.
The ability of the central nervous system to respondto external stimuli is called a reflex. An example is the appearance of drooling at the sight of food, the desire to sleep with the sound of calming music, etc. Reflexes of the brain can be conditional and unconditional. The first person acquires in the process of life, they can be worked on or adjusted depending on our desire. The second ones do not give in to consciousness, they are laid with birth, and it is impossible to change them. These include chewing, swallowing, grasping and other reflexes.
Due to the fact that the bridge ispart of the quadruple, it has to do with the development of the auditory and statistical reflex. Thanks to the latter, we are able to keep the body in a certain position. In addition, interacting with the middle brain, it closes a significant part of the muscle reflexes.
