What is the VAZ 2108 generator and where it is installed,knows every owner of this car. But hardly everyone will be able to say on what principles he works, and also list all the basic elements of which he is composed. It is worth noting that the generator and simple DC motor are very similar in design. They are not even alike, they are identical devices. The only difference is that one produces electricity, and the other - consumes. But this difference does not end, you need to consider in more detail the generator system to find them all.
We can say that the basis of the generator is hisrotor. It has a winding made of copper wire. The rotor winding is supplied with a constant voltage from the battery. The principle of operation of any generating set is that two basic components are necessary - motion and a constant magnetic field. How can you create the latter? Either by installing powerful magnets, or by winding the wire on the magnetic circuit. The first option disappears immediately, since the cost of, for example, niodim magnets, which are ideal for this purpose, is too high. The VAZ 2108 generator circuit includes a winding on the rotor.
It is much cheaper and easier to conductwinding on the magnetic circuit of copper cable. The thing is that when a voltage is applied to such a winding, a magnetic field is generated. And it is the greater, the higher the field strength. Consequently, as the characteristics of the supply voltage are increased, the field also increases. It is worth noting that the copper wire is many times cheaper than niodim magnets, and its service life is very high. Electrical damage to him is almost impossible, as well as mechanical. The latter - except that with careless handling during the repair.
The VAZ 2108 generator has a rather massivestator winding, because it uses a wire with a large cross-section. It is with his help that electricity is generated. The wire is wound evenly over the entire inner surface of the stator in specially designed for this purpose grooves in the magnetic circuit. Separately it is necessary to talk about the latter. The middle part, the stator of the generator, consists of a set of thin metal plates tightly pressed together. Often they are cooked from the outside so that no stratification occurs.
In fact, of course, the stator windingThe car generator consists of three absolutely equal parts. The reason for the special way of generating electricity is to obtain a three-phase alternating voltage, which will then be rectified. But this process will be described below. In other words, the stator of an automobile generator is very similar to a similar element of an induction motor. Even the connection of the windings is made according to this exact scheme. The connection of the VAZ 2108 generator, or more precisely, its winding, is made according to the "star" scheme.
In the front and back covers, which are attached to thestator housing, there are bearings. They are necessary to ensure the normal operation of the generator. With their help, the rotor rotates more freely, but most importantly, it is aligned strictly along the axis of rotation. Consequently, the rotor magnetic circuit does not catch the stator winding during operation. The covers are made of light metal - aluminum, which performs several functions at once.
First, aluminum absorbs and givesheat. And the generator VAZ 2108 very much heats up during work. Secondly, aluminum has a low weight, which makes it easier to make the whole structure. In addition, on the generator, in front of it, the impeller is mounted. During the rotation of the rotor, it generates a flow of air, which enters the body of the mechanism. This results in additional cooling.
The drive uses the VAZ generator belt2108. It should be noted that this model of the car was produced only with a carburetor injection system, so the belt was mounted on it wedge-shaped. On the newer cars of the ninth and tenth families, the fuel system in which the injector type, put a slightly different belt. It is more like the one driven by the timing mechanism, but instead of the teeth on the inside, it has streamlets.
It is with the help of this device thatconversion of AC voltage to DC. After all, you know that there is plus and minus in the vehicle's on-board network. And some can even say that the VAZ 2108 generates 12 volts. True, there will be someone who can clarify a bit, mentioning that on some cars in the on-board network 24 volts. But on the eights, of course, only 12, this is quite enough. So, in the on-board network plus and minus, and at the output of the winding generator three phases. What to do?
For this purpose, a rectifying unit is used.It consists of three pairs of semiconductor diodes. It turns out that the two diodes straighten each phase coming from the stator winding. And at the output of this device after the conversion is done, a constant voltage is obtained. Also, the VAZ 2108 generator circuit includes a capacitor that cuts off all the AC current remaining after the rectifier unit. But the trouble is in the other - depending on what rotational speed is at the rotor, the output voltage also changes. How can we get rid of this?
The problem is posed, it must be solved.And it's not difficult to do this if you just stabilize the voltage, which energizes the rotor winding of the generator. The thing is that now, no matter what voltage will be on the output of a pair of power sources - the generator and the battery, only the stable one is supplied to the excitation winding (rotor). On VAZ 2108 vehicles, the generator voltage is of the order of 12.5-13.8 Volts. Consequently, the magnetic field will always be the same, regardless of the rotational speed of the rotor. And if so, then the stator winding will also be stable.
To replace the generator VAZ 2108 passedas quickly as possible, you will need a penetrating lubricant. The reason for its necessity lies in the lowest anchorage. The bolt is located at the level of the engine sump. Unfortunately, not always the machine has a mudguard. And even if it is, moisture and dust fall on the threaded connection. Therefore, it must be treated abundantly with penetrating lubricant, after which it should be allowed to settle for at least half an hour. This time is enough to make all the rust and dirt on the carving soaked.
If the generator has not been removed for a long time, then thisApply the same lubrication to the upper nut. After such a little preparation, unscrew the nut completely from the upper stud. With the cap and socket wrench, unscrew the lower bolt. It is desirable to carry out this work from the bottom of the car, so it will be much more convenient. It is possible that the bolt will tighten out. In order to pull it out, you need to use a bolt or pin of a slightly smaller diameter. Note that all these operations must be carried out with the battery disconnected. All the wires that connected the VAZ 2108 generator are also required to be disconnected.
The installation of the new generator is done in reversesequence. Carefully look at the condition of the lower bolt. If it has damaged threads, it is better to replace it. You will find it easier to repair the generator afterwards. Pay special attention to the belt tension when installing. If it is not stretched enough, your battery will not charge properly. And if you tighten the belt a lot, the bearing in the front cover will collapse. In the end, you get an unpleasant whistle when the engine is running. And the reason for this - the appearance of play in the bearing. Installation of the generator on the VAZ 2108 should be done in such a way that even the slightest distortions do not arise.
In conclusion, I would like to note that onlytimely maintenance will ensure a normal and stable operation of the generating set. To replace the voltage regulator, which is combined into eight knots in one knot with brushes, it is necessary on time. Do not wait until the moment when the power of the rotor winding is lost because of the complete destruction of the brushes. Only under these conditions the VAZ 2108 generator will not fail and will always give out normal charging for the battery.
