Construction industry for several years in a rowis experiencing a process of rapid development. Annually hundreds and thousands of new houses are being built. And it can be both multi-storey massifs and private cottages. It is the owners of the latter who try to take part in the construction to the maximum, embodying all their ideas in a new family nest. One of the important stages of building a house is the installation of a roof. In order for the result of the work to be of high quality and reliability, it is necessary to develop a roof plan, according to which the work will be carried out.
The configuration of the roof can be completely different -gable, gully, hip, gilt, etc. There is also a mass of materials that can ensure the reliability of the coating - metal, slate, corrugated board, metal, etc. The roof scheme allows to ensure the correct calculation of the necessary amount of materials for its erection, and It also makes it possible to clearly determine the stages of work.
Roof plan - a drawing on which the roof is depictedin several layers. Each of them corresponds to a certain stage of construction. So, usually on paper reflect the scheme of placement of structural elements (rafters, load beams, laths) or solid base, lining carpet, endow carpet, roofing material. Also, the roof plan contains a mapping of the points of fixing the drainpipes and ventilation. The places of joints, ends and dormer windows are taken out in separate schemes, which help to accurately determine the placement of the roofing cake.
Before you proceed directly toinstallation of the roof, it is necessary to determine the materials for heat, steam and waterproofing. An accurate plan should be developed with the application of the dimensions of the structure. After the roof construction is known and the necessary quantity of necessary building materials is purchased, it is possible to start installing this element of the house.
In order to determine the final form of the roof, it is necessary to know what types it is. There are 6 main categories:
The simplest version for development isroofs without kinks (that is, a plan of a flat roof), but still most often on houses are installed hip and multi-pitched roofs. That is why the correctness of the calculation of materials and loads on the bearing elements comes to the fore, because in the end I want to get high-quality and reliable protection, while not overpaying for building materials.
In multi-slope roofs, surfaces often haveform of regular trapezoids or triangles. The slopes of the hip roof can have completely different shapes. This contributes to the creation of a unique type of roof in particular and the house as a whole.
In the event that the roof plan is not yet completeready, and the rafter system is already assembled, then you can start measuring. First, the height from the ridge to the overlap is determined. If the roof consists of more than one level, the measurements are carried out for each of them.
For greater clarity, a drawing is createdrafter systems in the profile. This will correctly calculate the roof area. At the same time, do not forget that if the construction consists of simple elements, the areas of which are easy to calculate, the overall value of this parameter for the roof will be slightly larger due to the presence of overhangs.
Let's consider the calculation of a single-pitched roof in more detail, with a breakdown of the plan into components and an explanation of the formulas.
It should be said that the roof plan of an industrial building is almost no different from the development of a plan for a simple flat roof of a private house.
The area of the roof is calculated quite simply.If the roof is gable, then first calculate the area of one slope, and then the resulting number is simply multiplied by 2. There should be no problems, since the planes often have a rectangular shape. Therefore, the area formula will have the form: S = a x b, where a and b are the length and width of the slope, respectively. But it is important to take into account such parameters as the front and eaves.
For a single-pitched roof, the calculation is the same - just multiply the length (house length + overhang) value by the width of the roof (house width + overhang).
For the construction of flat roofs are usedbitumen, polymer-bitumen or polymer materials, which require the organization of a solid base. It is these roofs that are most often found in various industrial facilities. The elasticity of the material itself makes it possible to absorb thermal and mechanical effects, while it does not lend itself to deformation. The basis for such a coating may be cement screed, load-bearing slabs or a layer of thermal insulation.
Flat roof plan often representsa carrier plate, covered with steam and heat insulators. To protect against moisture penetration, the "carpet" is completed with a waterproofing film. This method of erecting the roof is common in the construction of industrial facilities, private residential and economic buildings.
Flat designs can be eitherunexploited, and exploited. What does this mean? In the first case, you can not leave the roof (except for cases of repair and prevention). In the second on it you can create a recreation area, a garden or even a whole parking lot.
In order to properly draw a plan,be sure to familiarize yourself with the norms for creating building schemes. Regardless of the type of roof (flat or pitched), it is necessary to calculate the number of gutters. They must be indicated in the plan. The drawing is divided into several equal rectangles, each of which draws gutters, communications, ventilation hatches and windows.
According to the created plan, calculate the quantitymaterials for roof construction. It is necessary to keep in mind a certain size of the stock. This will help to avoid problems with the lack of building materials at the time of the roof. If you take strictly the amount of resources that resulted from the calculations, then in 90% of cases it simply does not suffice. This is due to the fact that sometimes the roofing material can be rejected or at the time of construction it becomes clear that overlaps should be more.
About how to draw a plan of the roof, written a lot.There are examples in specialized literature. Only after studying it, you can create a really high-quality drawing, which will be built an excellent roof. In most cases, it is much easier to contact the construction companies that offer this type of service. Professionals will be able to take into account all the wishes of the customer and develop a plan that will satisfy all his requests.
