The motion sensor, which is popular today, was designed as a device for the protection of objects, which allows to detect "unexpected guests" with its suddenness. Now, without it, it is difficult to imagine a “smart home”.
Еще не столь давно найти выключатель, особенно в unfamiliar room, it was quite difficult. A little later, manufacturers began to equip switches with light indication. But it is at home. At the entrances and large crowded places things were much worse. Especially in the common areas without windows. The light in such places is burning for days. In modern realities, in order to save electricity, lighting control devices are becoming increasingly popular. They turn on the light as needed and turn it off when the lighted area is empty. This device is a motion sensor for light.
Devices that respond to movement and includeand turning off the lights, make it possible to enter an already lit room, find out what is happening in the courtyard (adjusting the motion sensor allows you to adjust it for any movement), and at the same time save a lot on electricity bills. Most often, these smart appliances install:
- on the stairs leading to the cellar or basement
- above the entrance door to the staircase,
- to the flight of stairs or to the hall, which do not have natural light, because they are located indoors,
- in the basement or cellar,
- in toilets, bathrooms, shower cubicles, etc.
Modern motion sensors allow you to customize the inclusion (with or without it) of any household appliance. Air conditioner, for example, or TV.
The optimum setting is considered if the motion sensor is duplicated to a light with a switch. Usually a circuit for installation, including this nuance, comes complete with the device.
The principle of operation of the motion sensor to turn on the light allows you to separate them as follows.
The installation of a motion sensor to turn on the light may depend on the motion detection system. There are two of them;
- The device is active and radiates itselfsignal, and then reads the reflected from the possible object. The design of these devices usually consists of two elements: a radiator and a receiver. It is this design complexity that makes the device more expensive;
- The device is passive.Able to register only its own radiation, the object that fell into the zone of the device. The design of the device is simple, so it is much cheaper. A negative, rather sensitive, is a large level of false positives.
Most often it can be found in security systems in transport and parking. The advantages include:
- resistance to external influences and environmental factors,
- readability of the reflected signal from any object,
- average price category.
It is quite realistic to assume that the installation of a motion sensor for switching on this type of light is suitable for residential premises. But here it is necessary to take into account that:
The motion sensor to this type of light, likeprevious refers to active. It differs only in waves. They are electromagnetic. The device emits them, then registers reflected from possible objects. If they move, the wave frequency changes, which causes the sensor to trigger. If they are static, then the wave returns unchanged.
This is the most frequently used device in security systems. The benefits are significant:
- long range,
- small size, so the device is almost invisible,
- greater accuracy and reading of minor movements in the area of the device;
- fixes the movement behind the fence, if it is made of non-conductive material.
Residential microwave motion sensorlight is used infrequently. Firstly, it is hypersensitive and often works for no reason, and secondly, it is high enough compared to similar devices. Well, we must not forget that the prolonged exposure to microwave rays has a negative effect on the human body.
As is known from the school course of physics, any object has infrared radiation. Pyroelements located in the registration sensor respond to changes in temperature and pick up the signal.
If there is a movement in the area of the sensorwhich, of course, is accompanied by the emission of infrared waves, the magnitude of the output potential changes, and the sensor is triggered. If there is no movement, like radiation, then the potential is constant and there is no reason for the operation either.
Infrared sensors are ideal for any premises, including residential. They do an excellent job with their responsibilities and have undeniable advantages:
- setting the motion sensor of this type has additional adjustments of the angle of coverage and the threshold,
- the device belongs to the passive (no own radiation), therefore it does not have a negative impact on living organisms,
- the device is in an affordable price range,
- the sensor can be used outdoors and indoors.
The disadvantages are not so significant, but there are still:
- the temperature drop may cause the device to malfunction,
- heating devices, radiating heat, can cause false positives,
- objects with a coating that does not conduct infrared rays are not read by the sensor.
Modern devices allow you to adjust the anglesettings, delay time off, light and sensitivity. Models of past years of release have only the tincture of the light level and the delay time or the last and sensitivity.
Adjust the range of the sensor is possibleonly setting the angle of installation. The sensor models manufactured today have hinges for this. They are fixed so that infrared rays cover the maximum area for motion detection. Equally important here is the height of installation of the device: 2.40 m is considered optimal.
Sensitivity is slightly more difficult to adjust.The swivel lever (Sens) is intended for its adjustment. It is necessary to adjust in such a way that the sensor "does not see" animals, and only reacts to a person. Experts recommend that you first set the lever to the maximum, wait until the light goes out and check how the sensor will work. Then you need to gradually reduce the sensitivity until you find the best option.
Illumination setting means the sensorIt should only work at nightfall. Start, like the previous setting, you need to set the maximum. With the advent of twilight, note the triggering of the sensor and, at its discretion, increase the illumination or decrease it.
Last set the delay time.It ranges from five to ten seconds and is customized by personal sensations. There are models of sensors, which with each subsequent inclusion increase the delay time.
As you can see, setting the motion sensor is not particularly difficult.
This device is installed, due to its design features, only on a horizontal surface. Spherical housing, with 360 viewing angleabout дает возможность покрывать большую зону.Ceiling motion sensor is considered a detection device. When a moving object appears in its zone of action, a contact closes in the electrical network, which activates the light switching mechanism. The basic element of this sensor is the Fresnel lens. When installing it is necessary to take into account that it cannot be blocked with any objects.
A ceiling mounted device has a viewing angle of 360about. If you install it at a height of not more than threemeters, the diameter of the working area will be 10-20 m. That is, for a small room one sensor is enough. In large rooms, it is advisable to combine the ceiling motion sensor with the wall one.
Ceiling devices are overhead,wireless and embedded. The latter can be successfully hidden from prying eyes. Any of them is inexpensive and effortlessly installed independently.
Not for the first year in stores can be purchasedlamp with motion sensor on batteries. Bribes in it almost everything. For example, you do not need to make walls for wiring, you do not need to pay for all the rising electricity. And installation, sheer fun: removed the protective tape, stuck to the surface and that's it!
The manufacturer has supplied models of such lamps.the most economical LEDs. Consumption significantly reduces smart sensor. It is he who is responsible for triggering and turns on or off the light. Such devices are ideal in the corridors without natural light, cellars, basements, storerooms, hallways and even cars.
The lamp with the motion sensor on batteriesusually weighs no more than 100 g, has a width of just over a centimeter, and is 8–10 cm in height and length. It is installed on any surface. It can be fastened with screws, glued with scotch tape, placed on the shelf of the cabinet or pressed down with a magnet.
Equipped with such lamps almostAlways an infrared motion sensor. Therefore, they need to be fastened away from sources of thermal energy. In some models, photocells activate the sensor only at night.
The timer turns off the device usually after 20-30 seconds, so the 3A batteries last for a fairly long time.
There are models of similar luminaires with controls for adjusting the sensitivity, brightness, motion sensor, glow duration (30, 60, 90 seconds) and the off button.
Setting the sensor on motion to turn onlights on batteries need to be borne in mind that heat sources and animals trigger the sensor. Therefore, in order to rarely change batteries, it is desirable to set the sensitivity to a minimum.
Современные приборы освещения эксплуатируются не only in the house. The adjoining territory of both a multi-storey building and a private one can no longer do without lighting devices that incorporate a motion sensor for the street. Today, these lamps are already considered as an element of design. The principle of operation is the same, the devices differ in energy carrier, scope of application and light element. The main technical and operational characteristics of devices depend on the latter. Therefore, a street lamp with a motion sensor can have lamps:
- Classic. This includes both energy-saving and incandescent lamps. Energy-saving light elements give a dim luminous flux, and incandescent lamps due to frequent mode changes quickly burn out.
- LED Light. Diodes are famous for a huge working resource, they do not emit heat, they shine brightly - all this with minimal energy consumption. This option is ideal for street lighting.
- Halogen. Intense luminous flux with increased service life and reduced power consumption. But they emit a lot of heat, so they are rarely used in lanterns.
Energy carrier street lamp with sensorMovement can be autonomous (powered by batteries), stationary (powered by electricity) and non-volatile (powered by solar batteries with batteries).
It is carried out using terminals. Most often, three conclusions, sometimes four. There are four basic connection diagrams.
Параллельное необходимо в случае длительного lighting area of the motion sensor. After turning off the light by the switch, the sensor, having detected movement, will turn it on again and turn it off in accordance with the settings.
Several devices will be needed in large walk-through rooms. In this case, the sensors are connected in parallel circuit from one phase. If one sensor is triggered, the others are included.
The magnetic starter is mounted if motion sensors trigger powerful light elements or additional electrical appliances.
