Acid-lead accumulator. Principle of operation

Acid-lead battery is the mostcommon type of batteries. It was invented a long time ago - back in 1859. This mechanism is used mainly in road transport, as well as in emergency sources of electrical energy.

The principle on which the work is carried outacid-lead accumulator, is based on electrochemical reactions of lead dioxide and lead in a medium of sulfuric acid. Energy arises as a result of the interaction of sulfuric acid and lead oxide. Studies that have been conducted for a very long time have yielded the following result: within this accumulator there are about 60 reactions (at least) and one third of them occur without electrolyte acid. During the discharge, the lead oxidation occurring at the cathode begins and the reduction of lead dioxide (only at the anode). Reverse reactions occur at a charge. So, if the lead-acid battery is discharged, then sulfuric acid goes into the flow (with the density of the electrolyte falling).

Now it is worth to tell how thisunit. It is created by connecting negative and positive electrodes and separators (so-called isolating insulators). They are immersed in the electrolyte. Electrodes are lead grids. Negatives have an active substance called "spongy lead", and positive ones are lead dioxide.

The acid-lead battery can be classified according to different characteristics and parameters. They should be listed. It:

• maximum operating period;
• accumulator capacity;
• number of recharge cycles;
• self-charging parameters;
• dimensions;
• temperature operating range;
• possibility to conduct accelerated charging;
• maximum shelf life.

Кислотно-свинцовый аккумулятор может быть is made in the form of several elements or one. Electrolyte, which is inside the battery, can be found both in the gel state and in the liquid state. In the second version, the battery will need maintenance, topping up water and replacing the electrolyte. And helium in the maintenance do not need, so they are considered more convenient.

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