A little man who just appeared onthe light, without even realizing it, begins to get acquainted with its environment: the baby sees his mother for the first time, hears sounds, feels warmth and comprehends many other unknown secrets around him. Every year such knowledge becomes deeper, and research methods are more difficult. Undoubtedly, in this process of opening the world, adults become the child. In the first years of life, these are parents and people from the immediate environment, and starting from the toddler age, the disclosure of "secrets" around the baby is a professional task for pre-school and out-of-school caregivers. In this regard, kindergartens are included in the curriculum of the environment. The preparatory group pays special attention to this section of the program. We will tell you what features the educator should take into account when working with this age category and how to implement the set educational tasks.
If previously a clear framework and objectives were set,which the educator was supposed to perform in his professional activity, then with the introduction of the federal state educational standard, the situation changed to the accuracy of the current situation. Today the teacher's task is not so much to give concrete knowledge to children, how much to develop in their pupils cognitive activity, the ability to explore, analyze, generalize knowledge. Accordingly, now they are taking a creative form of studying the world around them in the preparatory group. Acquaintance with nature is conducted in such a way that children become active participants in the "discovery" of new information.
Let's explain on an example of study on the surrounding worldon the theme: "Autumn". If earlier it was enough to show the children pictures of fall leaves, rain, tell about changes in the life of animals and people at this time of year, today the most effective form of conducting such a lesson will be an excursion in which children independently (under the unobtrusive guidance of the educator) will determine the changes in the surrounding environment. For example, they will collect bunches of fallen leaves (which can then be used to consolidate knowledge in aesthetic occupations), measure the temperature of the air with a thermometer, observe the behavior of birds, insects, and much more.
Classes around the world in the preparatorygroup occupy an important place in the entire educational process. This is due not only to maximally prepare future first-graders for independent activity and orientation in the school community, but also with the increased capabilities of the children themselves. And today, educators are given ample opportunities to choose methods and techniques for submitting material, and their pupils are active participants in cognition.
Classes around the world in the preparatorygroup - a wide range of different knowledge. Since the age of three, children are beginning to be actively interested in everything that happens around them. That's why at this age children are called "why". For the students of the preparatory group, the knowledge of the environment is also very important. Grown up children can already independently learn and unravel the secrets of the unknown. The task of the educator at this stage is to develop curiosity, cognitive activity, direct the kids to correct conclusions and conclusions, and directly coordinate the process of cognition.
Conducting on such topics classes on the world around the preparatory group:
Daily in the preschool, the child discovers something new from the above areas of knowledge, thereby consolidating and expanding the already existing baggage of information about the world around.
In the preparatory group should choose otherthan in younger groups, methods and techniques. This recommendation is associated with the age characteristics of children, as well as the goals of the educational program.
During classes around the worldpupils, as they say, can not sit still. Therefore, such forms of training as walking, excursion, travel, research, experiment, game quest are effective and interesting for children. As an example, you can take lessons on the world around us in the preparatory group on the topic: “Autumn”. It is possible to come up with “stations” at which information and tasks are given on a specific phenomenon: rains, leaf fall, animal behavior in the fall, human labor.
Knowledge gained is required laterfasten daily not only in other classes (for example, on the topic “Autumn”, they draw leaf fall or perform application on the art lesson), but also by applying practical skills (children take air temperature every morning, keep diary diaries, etc.) ).
The teacher is tasked with raising childrencareful responsible attitude to the world and wildlife. To realize such goals, an important aspect is the availability of the necessary material and technical equipment in the group. In addition to the methodological material, it is recommended to create a “corner of wildlife” together with the children. Thanks to him, the pupils will not only daily observe animals and plants with great pleasure, learn to care for and protect her, but also practice communication, teamwork, and friendship.
On the walk, you can organize the cultivation of flower beds.Or garden, build a birdhouse and feed the birds. Children receive knowledge naturally and naturally through this form of training in the world in the preparatory group. Acquaintance with the secrets of living nature is carried out by practical methods, enabling the child to show their skills and abilities, self-actualization.
В детских садах применяются различные формы conducting lessons on the world around: individual, frontal and group. For example, it is possible to observe the behavior of fish in an aquarium all together, and only a few people will be responsible for watering flowers on one day - on duty, one child can be charged with feeding.
The development of correct literate speech - universalthe task of the educational program of the kindergarten. We must not forget about this aspect in the classroom in the world around us. Today, thanks to technological development, it will not be difficult for an educator to find literary works of different genres and relevant to any subject.
Основными формами являются стихи и сказки.So, classes are held in the surrounding world in preparatory development of speech with the use of simple to memorize poetic forms that children immediately learn by heart. And, therefore, the material is absorbed faster, more naturally and is remembered for a long time. An interesting form is rhymed outdoor games or environmental theater productions.
In the classroom around the world forPreparatory group should expand the vocabulary of children: introduce new terms for pupils, include adjectives and complex sentences. You can invite children to describe the nature around or the flower seen on the street, while asking the kids to use different forms of words, phrases and sentences. For example, offer this ball game: children stand in a circle; passing the ball to a neighbor, you need to answer the question of the educator about what the weather is today (sunny, clear, rainy, gloomy, cool, wind, etc.).
Undoubtedly, knowledge of the world aroundin aesthetic and artistic expression. In addition, in this way the previous lessons on the world around are fixed in the preparatory group. Acquaintance with drawing, application and modeling thematically echo the educational material. At the same time, children develop aesthetic abilities, fine motor skills (which, in turn, is directly related to speech), an individual worldview is formed, self-actualization and self-expression of the child takes place.
Despite the fact that the GEF is not recommended for childrencarry out work activities, most teachers tend to the fact that such a process disciplines, develops and teaches at the same time. Indeed, having watered the flowers, the child did not so much “work” physically as he showed concern for wildlife, he realized himself in independent activity, he received encouragement from the team. It is only important to pay attention to the fact that the activity gives pleasure to the child, was not forced and certainly not a means of censure. If the caregiver demands that the child, in an authoritarian tone, remove for himself, for example, the overturned bread, then there will be little benefit from such activity, or rather, no benefit. The same situation can be solved in a completely different way. For example, on the same day, conduct a lesson on the world around on the topic: “How is bread grown?”
Classes in the world in preparatoryA kindergarten group is a creative process, each educator chooses the appropriate methods and techniques for working with their children. It is important to give children the opportunity to show feelings, experiences. Let the kids “touch” nature with heart and soul, only then it is possible to achieve the tasks set before education.
