Profitability is a universal relativeparameter that characterizes the degree of efficiency of industrial, commercial or other economic activities, including in the use of natural resources. In the most general form, the profitability of production shows the amount of profit that a business entity can receive or has received based on one unit of the value of capital. In this case, the cost of all consumed resources of an enterprise or organization is taken into account, regardless of the source of the given resource. It is this last condition that makes profitability a complex parameter, the formation of which depends on many factors.
In the classic version of profitabilityproduction is defined as a mathematical quantity, a coefficient representing the ratio of the value of retained earnings to the value of the capital spent for a certain period. Thus, it logically concludes that this parameter is indirectly dependent on other indicators of economic efficiency.
The complex nature of profitabilityincludes such constituent parameters as the profitability of products, sales, the profitability of fixed assets and assets, indicators of staff profitability and others. A special role in determining profitability is played by investment capital, which is characterized by the ratio of profit to the average borrowed capital for a certain period. Therefore, the overall economic profitability of the enterprise, which operates in the context of the implementation of innovative investment projects, largely depends on the efficiency of their implementation, because it is here that, as a rule, the main part of investment capital is concentrated.
Effective implementation of investment projects in many waysdepends on the quality of the functioning of the innovation center, which can be created as an autonomous division of the enterprise, and on the basis of any existing one.
The success of the innovation centerIt is determined by the presence of human resources that can propose new creative ideas and solutions or find unconventional areas of application of already known solutions for the implementation of innotational projects.
The study of creative ideas that determineprofitability of production, shows that in most cases their source is the patent fund. Conducting patent research allows you to identify areas, achieved level of technology, select the most promising inventions and industrial designs that can be the basis for developing competitive products or technologies or will be used as prototypes for creating new patentable solutions with high commercial potential.
The importance of having an organizationmethods for assessing the technical and economic significance of technical solutions for the selection of innovative projects in terms of their successful commercialization and the conditions that make the production profitable. whether or not this shows, the real dependence of innovation success on profitability is quite widely reflected in modern economic literature. In the works of a number of authors, the significance of technical solutions is proposed to be characterized by such indicators as the degree of novelty, perspectivity, manufacturability, expected effect, conditions of implementation, etc. Each of the characteristics is represented as a system of indicators, which are given an expert score in points. Assess the impact of inventions and other decisions on the achievement of the expected technical and economic parameters, obviously, it is possible if there is a ranked list of such indicators for a particular object. That is, all these indicators are practically comparable with those used to analyze the overall efficiency of economic activity. In this case, the profitability of production shows how efficiently investment capital is used, directed to the implementation of innovative projects, and can be considered as a component reflecting the overall profitability.
In foreign practice (USA, Canada, etc.) widely used system of preliminary evaluation of innovations based on a multi-criteria approach. In the USA, for example, in 1988 a special law on technology responsibility was adopted and a national service for technical evaluation of innovations was created. The main criteria for the selection of promising innovations are market parameters: the dynamics of demand for a particular product, market risk assessment, the state of competition, the required investment and profitability, including.
