Quite often in the process of doing businessThere are times when the company is in desperate need of additional money. In this case, the company's management can lend money to a credit institution or use a commodity loan. But as a result of such actions the enterprise will be obliged to pay a certain percentage, which is assigned for the use of borrowed funds. How much replenishment of working capital in this way is beneficial to the company, and what other options are there for stabilizing the difficult economic situation of the company?
Faced with such a problem, any company seeks to obtain a loan on more favorable terms, since additional costs do not contribute to the restoration of economic stability.
Loan for replenishment of working capital is easierjust get in the bank. But is it worth hurrying with such a step? In addition, the company does not always need cash. Sometimes for a continuous running of the economic process, only a certain amount of raw materials or spare parts is missing. In this case, it would be wiser to take advantage of a natural loan.
There is another way to get help - it is the replenishment of working capital by the founder. This option is considered the most preferable for the company.
Seeking help from the founders' meetingis a priority decision. You can replenish the missing funds by contributing to the authorized capital, in the form of free financial assistance and by increasing the property base. In order for the founder to fill up his working capital, it is necessary to have the consent of 2/3 participants. By decision of the general meeting, the constituent documents are amended. They prescribe a new value of deposits in proportion to the share of each participant. Deposits, which are paid additionally, must be credited to the account not later than two months from the moment of signing the decision.
After the final replenishment of negotiableof the funds will be formalized in the form of additional agreements to the constituent documents, it is necessary to submit to the tax inspection an application for registration of the changes made.
The company has the right to use cashfunds of the founders at their discretion, with no tax consequences. This form of help has its pros and cons. The positive point is that the replenishment is not subject to tax payments, as the funds of the founders do not participate in the taxable base. Founder support is of an investment nature and is not related to the sale of goods and services.
Disadvantages of such a loan can be considered thatall changes in capital have to be registered in the tax. Also, with additional introduction of working capital, there is a violation of the balance between net assets and the amount of authorized capital.
To receive financial assistance, the company hasthe right to use the bank's credit facilities. When concluding an agreement, the conditions for the provision of funds and the terms for their return shall be stipulated. This replenishment of working capital has its expenditure side, which is expressed in the form of accrued interest. In the taxable base for income tax such expenses are taken into account with a certain restriction. Accrued interest can be written off at a rate that is set depending on the size of the current refinancing rate.
The advantage of such a loan is thatthe bank is a reliable partner, which always operates within the framework of the legislation. The disadvantages include a large number of documents that you have to collect when you make a loan, interest payments, as well as additional costs associated with opening a loan account. Expenses arising from the use of borrowed funds are accounted for as part of non-operating expenses.
There are situations when banks refuse togranting a loan, or the company needs not in cash, but in raw materials. In this regard, the company begins to look for alternative sources of replenishment of working capital. Strangely enough, the solution to the problem can be simple. Sometimes it is enough for a company to report its difficulties to business partners, namely to those contractors who are engaged in the supply of the necessary raw materials.
Such lending is called commercial andhas its advantages. Participants in the transaction agree on a certain delay in the payment for the supplies. Contractual relations are documented and provided either on a no-charge basis or with interest accrual. Indirect replenishment of working capital is formalized in the relevant primary documents. The counterparty is obliged to issue an invoice for the amount of accrued interest.
Depending on the type of financial assistance inaccounting is made by certain postings. If financial injections are provided in the form of grant assistance of the founders, then the accountant makes posting to the debit account 51 in correspondence with 98 accounts. Then the received sum is written off in the credit of the account 91.1 for a recognition of gratuitous help by other income. With the receipt of property assistance, replenishment of working capital (postings Д-т 08 К-т 98) is formalized depending on the purpose of the values.
For registration of credit money, accounts are used66 and 67. The funds received on the settlement account are accounted for in the following postings: Д-т 51 К-т 66 (67). Replenishment of working capital due to borrowed money allows the company not to interrupt the production process and in time to fulfill contractual obligations to customers.
