Like other fossil fuels, oil isthe lady is very respectable age. The very first deposits of earth oil, according to scientists, appeared 600 million years ago. Then the oceans were much larger, and some modern islands were hidden under water, including the territories of the countries where oil is extracted in our time.
In the oceans once raged life of many plantsand animals, the remnants of which hundreds of millions of years fell to the bottom. Together with the layers of the earth they created deposits, which became more and more. Under the influence of enormous pressure, a constant process of metamorphosis of organic residues into oil droplets occurred. The pressure was so powerful that in some places, especially with the porous structure of the upper layers of the soil, these drops broke out and gradually created oil fields. Oil broke through the layers of sand and lime, but on its way layers of stones often appeared, it fell into traps in which all the cavities and depressions were filled with liquid. Nowadays, the extraction of black gold in the world consists in attempts to drill wells in order to penetrate into these huge filled cavities.
Huge oil fields such asMiddle East, occur under large stone domes, where oil accumulates. The deposits on the European continent are huge salt domes, which displace powerful stone slabs upward, as a result, oil fills the cavities.
The world we know would be completely different ifthere was no oil. It is even difficult to imagine how many everyday things are created from it. Synthetic fibers that make up clothes, all plastic used in everyday life and industry, medicines, cosmetics - all this is created from oil.
Almost half of the energy that is consumedmankind is made from earth oil. It is consumed by aircraft engines, as well as almost all the vehicles in the world. Oil is also burned to produce electrical current. Electricity produced drives industrial units and is the basis of daily life in the industrialized world.
The Middle East, above all, the Arab countries andIran, satisfies almost half of the world's oil demand. There are also large oil fields in Russia, the USA, African countries, for example, in Nigeria, as well as in North America. Huge deposits have been found in other places, but their development requires considerable financial expenditures and is accompanied by technical difficulties.
Oil production in the world began in the United States.The first oil source was discovered in the USA in 1859. Oil beat key from a depth of 21 meters. The drilling method at that time was extremely simple: a heavy chisel was suspended in a wooden drilling tower, which continuously crashed into the ground and smashed stones. The first offshore oil rig was built in 1900 on the coast of California.
New volumes of oil production in the world can hideunder the deserts or marshes, under the bottom of the seas or blocks of Antarctic ice, it is difficult to discern behind the topography of the terrain that is located deep below, in the bowels of the earth. Therefore, the search for new oil fields is extremely difficult and requires huge financial expenses.
Добыча нефти в мире – процесс не бесконечный.Taking into account the available estimates, with the current level of production, its global geological reserves will last for at least 46 years, including 72 years in Saudi Arabia, 88 - Iran, 128 - Iraq, Venezuela - 234, Libya - 77, Kuwait - 111, UAE - 94, Russia - 21, China - 10, USA - 11 years.
Oil production in the world (the table clearly shows this) is characterized by TOP-10 countries-champions.
| Country | Oil production billion barrels per year | ||
| Saudi Arabia | 4,22 | ||
| Russia | 3,94 | ||
| USA | 3,65 | ||
| China | 1,53 | ||
| Canada | 1,41 | ||
| Iran | 1,31 | ||
| United Arab Emirates | 1,17 | ||
| Iraq | 1,09 | ||
| Mexico | 1,07 | ||
| Kuwait | 1,02 | ||
Oil production in the world at different times was very different. Consider the history of countries that have become rich in black gold.
Saudi Arabia is the leader, its preyoil in the world, the table confirms this, made it an extremely rich state. Until 1938, a young kingdom called Saudi Arabia was one of the poorest countries in the world. In 1938, huge volumes of oil were discovered in Saudi Arabia. Their development was prevented by the Second World War and work began only in 1946, and by 1949 the country's oil industry had reached a high level. Oil has become the main source of wealth and prosperity of the kingdom. Oil exports enriched the kingdom by $ 310 billion in 2008. The entire Saudi industry is based on the oil industry. Today’s explored oil reserves in this country amount to about 260 billion barrels and this equals 24% of the proven reserves on Earth. This number of discovered oil fields is growing steadily. Currently, Saudi Arabia is considered to be the richest country in the world.
The second largest black gold producer in the world isIslamic Republic of Iran. Iran is a country that lives off oil exports. Thanks to new discoveries of deposits, the country further strengthens the status of the oil giant. More recently, a huge reserve of oil with reserves of 15 billion barrels was discovered in Iran.
Third place is Kuwait.Thanks to oil production, the state got rich: in the 70s-80s, exports made the country the richest in the world. But in the 90s, the difficult political situation caused import failures. The Iraqi invasion almost ravaged the country, destroyed the former wealth. But in recent years, the state has quickly returned to its previous level. Currently, Kuwait has solid oil deposits, about 102 billion barrels, which is 9% of all world reserves. The main share, about 95% of export earnings are oil and oil products.
In our time, oil is everywhere.No other form can yet replace it as a source of energy. Annual world oil production is about 4.4 billion tons. It is foreshadowed that at the current level of consumption of its reserves will be enough (from known deposits) until 2025. If the world’s oil production is reduced and new sources are discovered, the earth oil in the depths of the earth can be stretched by 150-1000 years. It is too small on the scale of the planet. Nature needs 200 million years to create this mineral, and the current generation is wasting it over a million years, that is, it behaves as if human civilization would disappear after it.
Sooner or later, humanity must changethe way of life, to dispose of sources of oil wisely or to seek other alternative sources of energy According to many experts, the picture of the future lies ahead: the oil reserves will be used primarily for the raw materials of the chemical industry for the production of plastics, medicines and other high-quality products. Vehicles, cars and trucks, or airplanes will move due to hydrogen. Electric and thermal energy will be extracted from alternative renewable sources such as wind, sun and water. It remains only to take care of what we have and wait for the future.
