Portrait genre in painting - one of the mostfruitful. The image of a man, the subtlest and spiritualized reproduction of his features on canvas, touched people of different classes and prosperity. These images were belt and full-length, in the landscape and in the interior. The greatest artists tried to capture not only individual features, but to convey the mood, the inner world of their model.
Portraits are genre, allegorical, etc.And what is a ceremonial portrait? It is a kind of historical. There was this genre at the court during the reign of monarchs. The meaning and purpose of the authors of the ceremonial portrait was not just the ability to accurately convey the personality traits, but to write in such a way as to glorify and exalt the person. Masters of this genre almost always received wide fame, and their work was generously paid by customers, because usually the ceremonial portraits were ordered by notable persons - kings and their high-ranking associates. And if the painter himself identified with the deity himself, then his dignitaries likened the reigning person.
A great figure in all the glitter of regalia andsymbols of power, placed in a magnificent landscape, against the backdrop of slender architecture samples or in a lush interior - that's what a ceremonial portrait is. The social status of the canvas hero comes to the fore. Such works were created in order to capture a person as a historical personality. Often, the person appears in the image in a somewhat fanciful, theatrical pose, designed to emphasize its importance. Soulful system and inner life were not the subject of the picture. Here on the faces of aristocrats, we will not see anything, except for the solemn solemn and majestic expression.
What is a ceremonial portrait in terms of styleera? This is an attempt to "historicalize" the reality in the faces of significant figures, inscribing them in a time-sensitive environment and setting. Smart and pompous was the general coloring of such paintings in the Baroque era, it was decorative and refined in the time of rococo, acquired solemn restraint and clarity in the classicism.
The ceremonial portrait in painting can be divided into several types: coronation, in the guise of a commander, equestrian, hunting, semi-parade.
The most important, from an ideological point of view, wascoronation portrait, on which the artist captured the emperor on the day of his accession to the throne. Here were all the attributes of power - the crown, mantle, power and scepter. More often the monarch was portrayed in full growth, sometimes - sitting on a throne. The background of the portrait was a heavy drapery, reminiscent of the theater's stage, designed to reveal to the world something beyond the ordinary, and columns symbolizing the firmness of the monarchic power.
This we see Catherine the Great on the portrait of Fyodor Rokotov, created in 1770. In the same genre, a portrait of Jean Auguste Engra "Napoleon on the throne" (1804) is written.
Often, a ceremonial portrait of the 18th centurya regal face in the guise of a military man. In the portrait of Pavel the First, created by Stepan Shchukin in 1797, the monarch is depicted in the form of a colonel of the Preobrazhensky regiment.
Portrait in military uniform with awards pointed toa certain status of the person embodied on the canvas. Usually such masterpieces captured glorious commanders after significant victories. The history knows numerous images of Alexander Suvorov, Mikhail Kutuzov, Fedor Ushakov.
Cloths of European masters eloquentlydemonstrate what a ceremonial portrait of the ruler on horseback. One of the most famous is the canvas of Titian, in which the greatest Italian painter of the Renaissance painted in 1548 Charles V on horse stallions. The Austrian court painter Georg Prenner wrote a portrait of the Empress Elizaveta Petrovna with her suite (1750-1755). The impetuous grace of magnificent horses represents the bold and ambitious plans of the queen.
The hunting portrait, on which the aristocrat was most often portrayed in the company of beagle dogs or with game in a proudly raised hand, could symbolize the manliness, dexterity and strength of a grandee.
Semiparous portrait met all the basic requirements, but represented the person in a belt performance, but not in full growth.
Interest in this genre exists to this day.
