Plant Khrunichev - leading aerospaceenterprise with a century of history. It produced the first domestic passenger cars "Russo-Balt", armored cars, airplanes for civil and military use. Since the 60s, the company has been developing rocket and space technology.
The beginning of XX century was marked by rapid development.self-propelled machinery. At first, cars were imported into the Russian Empire from Germany and France. Later in Riga opened the first plant for the production of cars with internal combustion engines under the brand "Russo-Balt". The next domestic automobile center was Moscow. The Khrunichev plant has been leading its history since 1916, when the construction of the Second Automotive Plant Russo-Balt began in Fili.
However, the revolution violated the plans of shareholders.The enterprise was nationalized and completed by the new government. In 1921, the plant was renamed the 1st armored and retired to the Red Army Armored Command. A year later, the first 5 cars drove in a parade in front of the Kremlin leadership.
Oddly enough, the successful start of the enterprisecaused him to repurpose. It was decided to produce more technological products on the basis of its capacities - all-metal aircraft. Since there was no domestic design school in this direction, the Khrunichev plant in 1923 was handed over to the German Junkers concession. The main model lineup was light aircraft U-20 in transport and reconnaissance performance.
In 1925, recovered from the civil warthe economy has already allowed the production of aircraft on its own. The contract with Junkers was canceled, and in 1927 the enterprise was reorganized into Plant No. 7 (a little later, No. 22 named after the 10th anniversary of October). Since then, the Khrunichev plant in Moscow has become the most advanced aircraft manufacturer in the country. For a short time, new workshops were rebuilt, highly qualified personnel were trained.
Prior to the Second World War, the company produced a wide modela number of aviation equipment. The first-born was the all-metal reconnaissance aircraft designed by Tupolev R-3 (ANT-3). By the spring of 1929, the plant produced 79 cars. Since 1928, I-4 (ANT-5) one-and-a-half fighters and unique heavy bombers TB-1 (ANT-4) for that period were assembled in parallel. In February 1932 a heavy TB-3 (ANT-6) bomber flew into the sky.
On the plane R-6 (reduced version of TB-1) for the first timeThe North Pole was examined before the landing of the expedition Papanin. In the late 30s, the SB front-line high-speed bomber (ANT-40) became the most popular, 5695 units were produced. Before the war, a successful Pe-2 dive bomber was developed.
With the beginning of World War II, the plant namedKhrunicheva switched to repairing damaged aircraft. At the same time, outstanding designer Ilyushin designed the IL-4 (DB-3F), which became the main bomber and torpedo bomber. In 1942, Tupolev developed the Tu-2, which became the main enterprise model. By the end of the Second World War 1700 cars were produced.
In 1946, the plant was commissioned to master the production of Tupolev jet bombers of models Tu-12 and Tu-14. Since 1949, strategic aircraft have become the main products. Among them:
Deployed by the United States in the 60sintercontinental ballistic missiles (more than 900 launchers) of the types "Titan-1", "Titan-2" and "Minutemen-1", capable of delivering nuclear charges to the territory of the USSR, demanded a response. On March 30, 1963, a decree was issued on the construction of domestic ICBM UR-100 developed by V.N. Chelomey. at the plant them. Mv Khrunichev in Fili.
The UR-100 missile system embodies a number ofNew scientific, technical and design solutions and in 1967 was adopted. In some years, the total number of ICBMs UR-100 and its modifications in the grouping of the Strategic Missile Forces reached 1000 units.
By the early 90's there was a needconstructing an economical lightweight rocket. The Khrunichev plant was entrusted with the production of carriers for commercial spacecraft launches using strategic ballistic missiles RS-18, which had been mass-produced by the plant.
Launch complex for a new launch vehicle,called “Rokot”, it was proposed to create at the Plesetsk cosmodrome. The already existing infrastructure allowed with minimal modifications to use the main facilities and technological systems of the launch complex.
Khrunichev plant is the main siteFSUE "GKNPTs them. Khrunichev "including a number of design offices and enterprises of the space industry. The Proton class carrier rockets have become the hallmark of the plant. There are also developing several promising projects, the main of which is the Angara heavy class rocket family. The plant also assembles various spacecraft (s), participates in international projects. Among them:
Among the revolutionary projects - the developmentecologically safe rocket-space complex "Baiterek". The Khrunichev plant has the following address: Moscow, 121087, Novozavodskaya Street, 18.
