Sandro Botticelli, whose works arean invaluable legacy that embodies the reflections of the past, is an outstanding Renaissance painter, a bright figure against the background of painters of the Lorenzo period of the Magnificent.
Botticelli's real name is Alessandro di Mariano Filipepi. Botticelli's nickname was inherited from his elder brother and in translation means "keg".
Valuable jewelry lessons come in handy.the artist in the future: the famous works of Sandro Botticelli are characterized by the clarity of the contour lines and the professional use of gold, used in its pure form to depict the background or as an admixture to paint. The time spent in the tutor's workshop was productive and fun for the young man. The student became a follower of his teacher and imitated him in everything. The latter, reciprocating to such sincere devotion and the desire to absorb the knowledge gained as much as possible, tried to give Botticelli everything that was in his power. The style of the first teacher had an enormous influence on the stylistics of writing Botticelli's paintings, especially on the ornamental details, color and type of faces.
Next, Sandro, thirsting for new knowledge, becamea visitor to the workshop of Andrea Verrocchio, an Italian sculptor and painter, a versatile person who led a team of talented budding artists. The atmosphere of the creative search that prevailed among the people of art was clearly expressed in the first works of the Florentine master: “Madonna with a Child and Two Angels” and “Madonna in a Rosary”. It is precisely in them that the experience gained by Botticelli from his teachers is clearly traced. In 1467 Florentine decided to open his own workshop.
The first order the artist executed in 1470 forHall of the Commercial Court - a city institution that considered cases of economic offenses. It was the picture "Allegory of the Force", depicting a figure seated on a deep throne. Representing in itself the embodiment of conviction and moral strength, Botticelli's “Strength” expresses its instability and internal fragility with its posture.
1472 for Sandro was marked by enrollment inassociation of artists - the guild of St. Luke, which gave the artist the opportunity to maintain a workshop on a legal basis, surrounding himself with assistants. One of Botticelli's students was the son of a former teacher - Filippino Lippi.
By 1475, Sandro Botticelli, workswhose majority are written on biblical and mythological themes, has become a widely known and sought-after master. The artist painted pictures for churches, created frescoes, gradually replacing the grafted and planar linearity adopted from Philippio with a new understanding of volumes and a more powerful interpretation of figures. Unlike his first teacher, whose works are characterized by a pale palette, the painter enriched his canvases with a bright color, which gradually became more and more rich. Also Sandro Botticelli, whose paintings embody the spirit of the Renaissance, began to use ocher shadows to convey body color - a technique that became a feature of his style of writing canvases.
Photos of paintings by Italian artist passthe greatest talent of the Florentine, who left a bright trace in the creative heritage of his country. Many of Sandro Botticelli’s works date back to the 1470s, although not all of them have exact dates. The time of writing most of them was determined by conducting stylistic analysis.
In the works of the 1470s, you canto trace the gradual growth of the artistic skill of the Florentine author: borrowed styles of other artists and stylistic fluctuations disappeared in his canvases. Botticelli developed his own style of writing: the characters of his paintings are characterized by a strong structure, contours are characterized by vigor, elegance and clarity, and dramatic imagery is achieved by a combination of strong inner spirit and active action.
Their orders Sandro Botticelli, workswhich lead the audience in complete delight, mainly received in Florence. One of the most famous paintings - "St. Sebastian", written for the oldest city church of Santa Maria Maggiore. The canvas solemnly placed on one of the church columns in January 1474, was firmly established in the artistic panorama of Florence. In 1481, Sandro Botticelli, together with Domenico Ghirlandaio and Cosimo Rosselli, received an invitation from Pope Sixtus IV to Rome to paint the frescoes on the side walls of the newly built Sistine Chapel.
Returning to Florence in 1482, Sandroburied his father. After a short break, he took up painting again. This time was the peak of fame of Botticelli: customers came to his workshop in droves, so part of the orders were fulfilled by the master's students, while he himself took on complex and prestigious orders.
«Рождение Венеры» символизирует миф о соединении matter and life-giving spirit, breathing life into it. The perfection of the human race is embodied in the figure of Ora, the dragging goddess of modesty - a historical moment that was very clearly and soulfully imprinted by the Italian master Sandro Botticelli.
Pictures, the list of which is quite extensive, onthe later stages began to be characterized by signs of some mannerism, so to speak, by self-admiration of their own mastery. To increase the psychological expressiveness goes to the violation of the proportions of the figures. It is known that Botticelli often ordered sketches for engravings and fabrics, but only a small part of these drawings reached our time.
Cloth "Wedding of Our Lady" (1490) soakedexciting anxiety, anxiety feelings and bright hopes. The angels captured in the picture convey anxiety, in the gesture of St. Jerome traced confidence and dignity. In the work one feels a certain departure from the perfection of proportions, an increase in tension, an increase in the sharpness of color — a slight change in the style inherent in Sandro Botticelli.
В 1493 году Боттичелли похоронил своего любимого Brother Giovanni, Florence at this time saying goodbye to Lorenzo the Magnificent. In the city - the former cradle of humanistic thought - sounded the revolutionary speeches Savonaroda. Creative crisis came in the life of Sandro Botticelli. The paintings, whose description is characterized by deep sadness and longing, express a complete decline in the mood of the author. The sermons of Savonaroda about the coming end of the world led to the fact that in February 1497 the people made a huge bonfire in the central square, in which they burned valuable works of art. Some artists, including Botticelli, also succumbed to mass psychosis. In flames, he burned several of his sketches, although there is no exact evidence of this act. Soon Savonarola was accused of heresy and publicly executed.
By the end of his life, Botticelli was very lonely,became weak and very ill. According to contemporaries, the artist was able to move only with crutches. Its former glory remained in the past, orders ceased to arrive: times changed, the new era of art replaced. The artist was never married and had no children. Sandro Botticelli died all alone in 1510.
