The effectiveness of management is determined byachievement of the goal, at all stages of the movement to the result, the manager should monitor and supervise the process, resources, environment. Control is one of the most important functional purposes of a manager.
Management is necessary in order to effectivelyto organize activities, to rationally spend resources and achieve goals. Management traditionally distinguishes five basic functions: planning, organization, motivation, control, and coordination. Each of them has its own specifics and significance. So, control, current or strategic, is an important activity of the manager in comparing the results of work with the plan at all stages of the production process, checking the results for compliance with standards and norms, as well as eliminating any deviations that occur.
The significance of control is explained by the needremove uncertainty about the state of affairs in the company and the progress of the production process. Also, control is a prerequisite for successful activity. It allows you to assess the situation and prevent the occurrence of crises. Control and supervision are necessary, but they can flow in different forms and perform a variety of functions. Depending on the leadership style in an organization, control may be concentrated in the hands of one manager, usually top managers, or delegated to several employees.
Control is unpleasant for both the manager and the performer for the moment of work, but it is necessary. In management, it is customary to talk about a few basic functions of control:
- Evaluation of the environment, external and internal.In the course of control, the manager collects information and removes uncertainty regarding the understanding of the current process. Conducting control allows one to detect negative or threatening factors in the external and internal environment and to find opportunities for their elimination or inclusion in the commission of an activity.
- Response to deviations.The manager controls to be aware of all the details of the production process and have time to react to changes and deviations. Control allows you to notice misses and threats in time and quickly restructure the production process.
- Resource allocation.Tactical and technical control allow the most efficient use of available money, equipment, to find the right place for the competencies of employees. At the same time, the control allows revealing reserves and using them productively.
- Поддержание обратной связи.The interactive control function is that during its implementation, interaction is established between all elements of the system, between the manager and the executor.
- Evaluation of staff performance.In order to competently motivate employees and effectively pay for their work, it is necessary to build a clear assessment system, this manager helps control at all stages of production.
The complexity of the supervision process leads to the fact that there are several qualifications of control.
According to the frequency of the procedures, there are:
- Предварительный контроль.Even before the start of work, actions should be taken to track and evaluate key resources: material, human, production. Its goal is to prevent the possibility of the appearance of negative consequences of actions of the performers. It allows you to make adjustments to the plan even before the start of its implementation and before committing errors.
- Current control.It is carried out in the course of the work, its purpose is to identify at the stage of appearance and prevent errors and deviations. It aims to monitor compliance with norms and standards. Ongoing control requires constant receipt of information and prompt correction of errors.
- Final control.It is conducted at the stage of summarizing and evaluating the achievement of results. The main purpose of this type of control is to prevent similar mistakes in the future. The data obtained during this stage become the basis for creating new plans.
Based on the frequency ofcontrol actions distinguish strategic, tactical and operational control. According to the functional affiliation specialists call financial, production, marketing and personnel types of control. You can also select on the basis of the direction of action of external and internal types of control.
The most important tool for the implementation of plansEnterprises are strategic and tactical control. The task of these types of management activities is to track the accuracy of plans and actions taken. Strategic control is the systematic verification of compliance with global goals, strategic programs and actions. The objectives of this type of activity are: determination of the loyalty of the chosen long-term goals and the correctness of the way to achieve them, identifying potential opportunities for the company. Tactical control is associated with the verification of the achievement of short-term, immediate goals. Its tool is technical control, which is aimed at identifying the rigor of compliance of the production process with regulations, standards and regulations.
The entire management process is permeated with stages.control. There is a tradition of staged classification, in this case, there are: preliminary, current and final control. Each of them performs its functions and has distinctive features. Preliminary control precedes the start of work, it is an integral part of planning. Its purpose is to create conditions for the effective start of production. At this stage, the readiness and competence of the personnel, the availability of the necessary resources, the documentation security of the activity are assessed.
The current control, in contrast to the previous one,flow time coincides with production stages. Its main function is to improve the workflow. The manager constantly monitors the compliance of all production operations and actions of the performers with the approved plans and standards. Sometimes this stage is also called “intermediate control”, which emphasizes its main feature - the identification of shortcomings and deviations on the way to the goal. It applies to the evaluation of solutions to both current and strategic tasks. Of particular importance is the final or final control. It is very different from other stages in its tasks and course.
The final stage of the production processconnected with the solution of several important problems. This is the identification of the degree of compliance with the goals and results set, the evaluation of the work of the personnel, the compilation of a list of errors and mistakes, to start a new planning stage on their basis. The final control should be carried out according to the established criteria, so that the performers understand how their work is checked and how it will affect their remuneration. This type of supervision is associated with the assessment of the use of resources, with the determination of the effectiveness of strategy and tactics and the assessment of the accuracy of previous decisions. The results of this phase are extremely important for the future of the organization, since its results can avoid mistakes when creating plans for the future.
Control, current and final, is carried out on one algorithm.
На первом этапе собирается информация, затем The evaluation criteria for each operation and process are formulated, then the objectives and methods of control are defined. This is the preparatory stage. Further, the control enters the stage of the actual evaluation of the process and actions. The last stage is the analysis of the information received and the formulation of conclusions, it is synonymous with final control. As a result of all these actions, a managerial decision should be born.
The manager who exercises control, current, strategic or final, should be aware of the basic principles of its implementation. These include:
- timeliness.There should be some time between the control procedures, it should not be too frequent, so that the employee does not feel that he is not trusted. But it should not be held too rarely, so that the employee does not have the impression of lack of control.
- Flexibility. It must adapt to current conditions.
- Efficiency. His goal is to save resources, so he himself should not require large investments.
