Audit of the organization is a set of evaluation activitiesreliability of the information of the financial statements and their compliance with the requirements of the legislation. Verification concludes with the formulation of an opinion on the correctness of accounting at the enterprise. Let's consider more details organization and conduct of audit.
There are different types audit organization. Classification is carried out on different grounds. Depending on the category, an independent, internal, state financial audit of the organization.
In the first case, the verification is performed by a third party company in accordance with the contract concluded with the management of the enterprise. Behind organization of internal audit the special service operating in the structure of the company is responsible. State inspection is carried out by authorized state structures.
Depending on the profile of the enterprise, the audit can be general, insurance, banking, etc.
Also, inspections are voluntary and mandatory. In the first case, the initiator is the head of the enterprise. He also determines the time and scope of verification.
An obligatory audit is due to the organization, specified in the legislation.
The concept of audit organization, responsibilities, responsibilities, rights, requirements for the certification of companies performing verification, are fixed in Federal Law No. 307.
In addition, according to the specifiednormative act adopted the federal standards of auditing. They fix the procedure for carrying out the audit, uniform rules of procedure. The rules are the same for all participants of the audit activity.
The standards explain the principles of verification, the procedure for issuing an opinion. They define the methodology, depth, volume audit organizations.
Кроме внутригосударственных, существуют также international standards. They set requirements for the quality of the audit, defined goals, lists of necessary documentation and rules for issuing opinions.
Reporting can be auditedspecialized organizations or private specialists. The latter are presented with a number of requirements. The private auditor should consist, first, in the accredited self-regulating organization. In addition, they must have:
Legislation also enforces a number of requirementsto audit firms. The organization should be, firstly, commercial, and secondly, it is formed in any form, with the exception of JSC. In the state of such a company it is necessary to have at least three specialists. At the same time, not less than 51% of its authorized capital should belong to auditors or other similar organizations.
AT organizations to be audited on the initiative of the head, controlis carried out only on the issues stipulated in the contract. For example, verification can be performed only for cash transactions, accounting for the OS, NMA or current assets, settlements with counterparties or the budget. Accordingly, the expert will assess the correctness of the design of only certain categories of documents.
AT organizations subject to compulsory audit, all financial documentation is checked andfinancial statements. In this case, the company must provide all available securities that are related to its economic activities. Since such a audit of the organization is carried out by representatives of state structures, it is impossible to not fulfill their demands.
For most companies, audit is notcompulsory. As a rule, state structures are involved in checking accounting records of large companies, including those using financial means of the population. Mandatory audit is aimed at reducing the risk from the actions of unscrupulous firms, ensuring the protection of the interests of citizens and the state. It is usually performed once a year.
Annual audit of organization accounting is carried out if:
This list is not closed.The legislation may also fix other cases of compulsory audit. It is worth noting that the audit of these entities is only allowed to be performed by audit firms.
The duration of the verification period for a voluntary audit activity of the organization is defined in the contract. The deadline depends on:
If a mandatory inspection is carried out, the period is established by law and regulatory enactments. As practice shows, audit of the organization's reporting in this case, on average takes 1-2 weeks. There are also cases of longer inspections, however, they rarely last more than two months.
Audit involves four interrelated stages:
At this stage, the auditor examines the constituent documents, assesses the risks on the basis of:
This stage is considered one of the key activities of the auditor. Planning includes 3 stages:
During the direct examination of the documentation and its evaluation, the auditor must adhere to the requirements and standards. The specialist carries out:
Upon completion of the audit, the auditor shall prepare an official motivated document. In it, he sets out his opinion on the compliance of the reporting with legislative requirements.
The conclusion is necessary internally and externallyusers to form their own views on the financial situation of the enterprise. The information in this document helps to make the right management decisions.
The conclusion can be:
Кроме того, аудитор может отказаться выразить his opinion on the proven documents. Such a situation is possible if the specialist has not received the necessary evidence during the audit. For example, the assessment was carried out in relation to only one reporting site, the organization refused to provide documentation, etc.
Any manager is interested inproper control over the efficiency of the company's structural divisions and the conscientiousness of their employees performing their duties. The most important element of management is the internal (internal) audit.
The objectives of control are:
Internal audit is an activity regulated by local documents related to the control of different areas of work of the firm.
To implement this task in the enterprisethe audit service is formed. The number of its employees depends on the scope and nature of the inspections. In small enterprises, internal audit can be carried out by 1-4 employees. In large firms, the staff of the audit department is quite large. At the same time, the duties of individual employees may go beyond the scope of accounting. For example, employees can conduct an appraisal, technological, environmental audit, etc.
The correct organization of audit at the enterprise is impossible without the implementation of a set of measures, including:
The most common is the division of audit into operational, financial reporting and compliance with legislative requirements.
In addition, there are checks:
Функциональный аудит выполняется для оценки efficiency and productivity. For example, verification can be carried out in respect of transactions performed by an employee or an office in the context of its function.
Organizational and technological audit involvesEvaluation of the work of various parts of the management system. In the course of such verification, the technological or organizational feasibility of their availability and functioning is established.
Cross-functional audit aims to assessquality of certain functions. For example, the efficiency of production and sales, the effectiveness of interconnection and interaction of units responsible for these areas of work are analyzed.
