The notion of algorithm and algorithm propertiesrepresent one of the most important concepts in computer science. Many people today, in the age of computer technology, think about what it is, and begin to gradually, for one reason or another, delve more deeply into the basics of computer science, while the modern generation passes this material already in the sixth grade.
What is the concept of the algorithm and the properties of the algorithm?
The algorithm is a certain sequence of actions, that is, in principle we have to deal with them every day, although we may not even realize it.
For example, if we ask one of our membersfamily to buy something in the store, we set the algorithm for action, that is, we tell in detail which products to buy, in what quantities, and what requirements are imposed on each of them. In this case, as mentioned above, a clear algorithm of actions is set, for example:
Of course, it may seem that the procedure isquite ordinary, and a similar description of it is quite voluminous. But in fact, if we are talking about what is the concept of algorithm and the properties of the algorithm in modern computer science, then the instructions can be much more voluminous, since the above algorithm is one of the simplest.
Every person constantly decides the greatestthe number of the most diverse tasks having different complexity, while some of them are so simple that they are solved completely automatically, even without being perceived as a specific task. For example: close the door to the key, wash, breakfast, feed the family, etc.
But there are other tasks that areso complex that to solve them you need long reflection, as well as a considerable amount of effort to initially find a solution, and only then to achieve the goal. To such problems it is possible to carry: learn a foreign language, earn a certain amount of money and others. In other words, to perform such tasks, many more complex actions are required in comparison with how many are required for the task of "buying bread", but in fact even the simplest tasks are solved in several steps.
In the form of a certain sequence of actionsit is possible to describe the procedure for solving a huge number of tasks that a person encounters in everyday life, and this sequence is represented in computer science as a concept of the algorithm and the properties of the algorithm.
One of the most famous among all is the so-called Euclidean algorithm, with the help of which the greatest divisor of two integers is determined.
It should be noted that,considering the concept of the algorithm and its properties, it is necessary to correctly understand not only the actions themselves, but also the order in which they are performed. After all, there are often such situations when, in the event of a change in the order of actions in an algorithm, it may eventually prove to be non-executable under certain circumstances. For example, if you go to a store, then the beginning of the algorithm will be approximately as follows:
Or:
If we consider the last algorithm, then in thisThe bread is initially chosen, and only then we go with a more precisely defined task to the store, and if in fact the bread we need is not there, then the algorithm we built will ultimately prove to be unworkable.
Types of algorithms can be as follows:
The properties are the following:
When a person gradually enters into informatics andwill think about what the concept of the algorithm is and its properties, then he learns that an algorithm that has an error will in some sense be better than the one that functions, but does it incorrectly. After all, if a bug is present, then the computer will tell us about it, and we will be able to find it and fix it later, and if the error that makes the algorithm work incorrectly appears only in rare cases, then in this case it can appear in the most important moment.
For many people, the processing of information seemsquite simple task, but in fact it is not so, because first you need to at least understand what the concept of the algorithm, and the properties of the algorithm, and its implementers are. In particular, this concerns the compilation of an algorithm that is required for the correct processing of information.
The simplest example isuser's manual for a particular subject. If it is made unprofessional, then in this case the user can simply break the object, as it will not operate properly or learn to work with it, not to mention the fact that there may be certain physical injuries if we are talking about a serious household technique.
Many will say that there is really nothingthe difficult thing is to write instructions for the finished device, but in fact it is not, because in reality the majority of people are much easier to do something on their own than to explain to someone else how this is done.
For example, almost every schoolboy easilyuses a mobile phone, as well as all the functions in it, and it seems extremely simple and intuitive. But in fact it is not so easy to explain how to use a mobile phone to a man who had never held in the hands of this device, as it will have a lot of questions, and are such that you do not even suspect. It is in this situation that it will be difficult to explain everything in accordance with what the concept of the algorithm and the properties of the algorithm are. The sequence of actions will be incomprehensible, and the person will not be able to perform them as it should for the normal operation of the device.
As an example, consider how to doalgorithm for brewing tea for some robot, which in principle does not know anything, and for him a full-fledged source of information about the task is an algorithm. The concept, types, properties - all this we know, but for most people the mental model of such an algorithm is roughly the following:
But in reality, such an algorithm will be almost impossible to perform, since the robot does not have common sense, and all this procedure for him is a minimal set of information.
The main thing that you need to understand when considering the conceptalgorithm and algorithm properties - the accuracy of actions, because the robot does not even know initially where to get a cup and what exactly to take, and even if he takes it, he will keep it in his hands, since he did not have a team to put it on the table. Now he will need to put tea, but this can again be done with his hands, and can be a spoon, while you need to know the amount. Thus there is a huge number of very different problems that need to be solved at the stage of algorithm construction.
Of course, considering the concept of an algorithm andproperties of the algorithm, the exact description can be formed practically to infinity, but the following sequence of actions will be optimal in this situation:
Thus, considering the concept of an algorithm andthe properties of the algorithm, by whom each action is executed, and also many other elements, it will be possible to come to the construction of the optimal sequence of actions. Even the above algorithm can not be called perfect, and it stipulates that the robot knows a large number of things, but even with this example one can understand how difficult it is actually to describe certain things that we and we know well from childhood.
First of all before there, how to make upalgorithm, you need to determine what initial conditions are for the execution of a particular task, and what you need to know is also to be known. The algorithm itself is already a finite sequence of actions in the solution of a particular problem, which leads from the initial information to a certain result. In any case, the primacy in the development of the algorithm of actions belongs to the person, and different people or all kinds of devices such as satellites, robots, computers, advanced home appliances are engaged in the implementation of these actions, and recently certain toys have learned to fulfill them.
Al-Khwarizmi is the person who is the firstDefined the concept of the algorithm and the properties of the algorithm. This concept has acquired masshood after a certain time, when it gained a wider meaning, and also began to determine any exact rules for a particular action. To date, this concept is perceived by many as one of the most important concepts of science such as computer science, without which it is almost impossible to imagine.
Al-Khorezmi himself lived in the 9th century AD, andit is worth noting the fact that the original Arabic original, in which his arithmetic works were presented, was lost, but there is a translation by which Western Europe could eventually get to know the decimal number system, as well as the basic rules for performing various arithmetic operations.
The scientist sought to ensure that the rules thatwere formulated by him, were extremely understandable for any literate person. To achieve this in the century, when there was not yet a full-fledged mathematical symbolism, it was extremely difficult, but the scientist was able in the end to achieve a clear and at the same time a strict verbal order, according to which the reader had no opportunity to evade the prescribed tasks or to skip certain actions .
In the Latin translation, the works of the scientist were expounded inthe only book that was called "Algorizmi said." Over time, people began to gradually forget that Algorizmi is the author of such rules, as a result of which the rules began to be called algorithms. Thus, gradually "Algorizm said" was transformed and became "the algorithm says."
